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Marble Faun, The
VOLUME I   VOLUME I - CHAPTER III - SUBTERRANEAN REMINISCENCES
Nathaniel Hawthorne
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       _ Miriam's model has so important a connection with our story, that it is
       essential to describe the singular mode of his first appearance, and how
       he subsequently became a self-appointed follower of the young female
       artist. In the first place, however, we must devote a page or two to
       certain peculiarities in the position of Miriam herself.
       There was an ambiguity about this young lady, which, though it did not
       necessarily imply anything wrong, would have operated unfavorably as
       regarded her reception in society, anywhere but in Rome. The truth was,
       that nobody knew anything about Miriam, either for good or evil. She had
       made her appearance without introduction, had taken a studio, put her card
       upon the door, and showed very considerable talent as a painter in oils.
       Her fellow professors of the brush, it is true, showered abundant
       criticisms upon her pictures, allowing them to be well enough for the idle
       half-efforts of an amateur, but lacking both the trained skill and the
       practice that distinguish the works of a true artist.
       Nevertheless, be their faults what they might, Miriam's pictures met with
       good acceptance among the patrons of modern art. Whatever technical merit
       they lacked, its absence was more than supplied by a warmth and
       passionateness, which she had the faculty of putting into her productions,
       and which all the world could feel. Her nature had a great deal of color,
       and, in accordance with it, so likewise had her pictures.
       Miriam had great apparent freedom of intercourse; her manners were so far
       from evincing shyness, that it seemed easy to become acquainted with her,
       and not difficult to develop a casual acquaintance into intimacy. Such,
       at least, was the impression which she made, upon brief contact, but not
       such the ultimate conclusion of those who really sought to know her. So
       airy, free, and affable was Miriam's deportment towards all who came
       within her sphere, that possibly they might never be conscious of the fact,
       but so it was, that they did not get on, and were seldom any further
       advanced into her good graces to-day than yesterday. By some subtile
       quality, she kept people at a distance, without so much as letting them
       know that they were excluded from her inner circle. She resembled one of
       those images of light, which conjurers evoke and cause to shine before us,
       in apparent tangibility, only an arm's length beyond our grasp: we make a
       step in advance, expecting to seize the illusion, but find it still
       precisely so far out of our reach. Finally, society began to recognize
       the impossibility of getting nearer to Miriam, and gruffly acquiesced.
       There were two persons, however, whom she appeared to acknowledge as
       friends in the closer and truer sense of the word; and both of these more
       favored individuals did credit to Miriam's selection. One was a young
       American sculptor, of high promise and rapidly increasing celebrity; the
       other, a girl of the same country, a painter like Miriam herself, but in a
       widely different sphere of art. Her heart flowed out towards these two;
       she requited herself by their society and friendship (and especially by
       Hilda's) for all the loneliness with which, as regarded the rest of the
       world, she chose to be surrounded. Her two friends were conscious of the
       strong, yearning grasp which Miriam laid upon them, and gave her their
       affection in full measure; Hilda, indeed, responding with the fervency of
       a girl's first friendship, and Kenyon with a manly regard, in which there
       was nothing akin to what is distinctively called love.
       A sort of intimacy subsequently grew up between these three friends and a
       fourth individual; it was a young Italian, who, casually visiting Rome,
       had been attracted by the beauty which Miriam possessed in a remarkable
       degree. He had sought her, followed her, and insisted, with simple
       perseverance, upon being admitted at least to her acquaintance; a boon
       which had been granted, when a more artful character, seeking it by a more
       subtle mode of pursuit, would probably have failed to obtain it. This
       young man, though anything but intellectually brilliant, had many
       agreeable characteristics which won him the kindly and halfcontemptuous
       regard of Miriam and her two friends. It was he whom they called
       Donatello, and whose wonderful resemblance to the Faun of Praxiteles forms
       the keynote of our narrative.
       Such was the position in which we find Miriam some few months after her
       establishment at Rome. It must be added, however, that the world did not
       permit her to hide her antecedents without making her the subject of a
       good deal of conjecture; as was natural enough, considering the abundance
       of her personal charms, and the degree of notice that she attracted as an
       artist. There were many stories about Miriam's origin and previous life,
       some of which had a very probable air, while others were evidently wild
       and romantic fables. We cite a few, leaving the reader to designate them
       either under the probable or the romantic head.
       It was said, for example, that Miriam was the daughter and heiress of a
       great Jewish banker (an idea perhaps suggested by a certain rich Oriental
       character in her face), and had fled from her paternal home to escape a
       union with a cousin, the heir of another of that golden brotherhood; the
       object being to retain their vast accumulation of wealth within the family.
       Another story hinted that she was a German princess, whom, for reasons
       of state, it was proposed to give in marriage either to a decrepit
       sovereign, or a prince still in his cradle. According to a third
       statement, she was the off-spring of a Southern American planter, who had
       given her an elaborate education and endowed her with his wealth; but the
       one burning drop of African blood in her veins so affected her with a
       sense of ignominy, that she relinquished all and fled her country. By
       still another account she was the lady of an English nobleman; and, out of
       mere love and honor of art, had thrown aside the splendor of her rank, and
       come to seek a subsistence by her pencil in a Roman studio.
       In all the above cases, the fable seemed to be instigated by the large and
       bounteous impression which Miriam invariably made, as if necessity and she
       could have nothing to do with one another. Whatever deprivations she
       underwent must needs be voluntary. But there were other surmises, taking
       such a commonplace view as that Miriam was the daughter of a merchant or
       financier, who had been ruined in a great commercial crisis; and,
       possessing a taste for art, she had attempted to support herself by the
       pencil, in preference to the alternative of going out as governess.
       Be these things how they might, Miriam, fair as she looked, was plucked up
       out of a mystery, and had its roots still clinging to her. She was a
       beautiful and attractive woman, but based, as it were, upon a cloud, and
       all surrounded with misty substance; so that the result was to render her
       sprite-like in her most ordinary manifestations. This was the case even
       in respect to Kenyon and Hilda, her especial friends. But such was the
       effect of Miriam's natural language, her generosity, kindliness, and
       native truth of character, that these two received her as a dear friend
       into their hearts, taking her good qualities as evident and genuine, and
       never imagining that what was hidden must be therefore evil.
       We now proceed with our narrative.
       The same party of friends, whom we have seen at the sculpture-gallery of
       the Capitol, chanced to have gone together, some months before, to the
       catacomb of St. Calixtus. They went joyously down into that vast tomb,
       and wandered by torchlight through a sort of dream, in which reminiscences
       of church aisles and grimy cellars--and chiefly the latter--seemed to be
       broken into fragments, and hopelessly intermingled. The intricate
       passages along which they followed their guide had been hewn, in some
       forgotten age, out of a dark-red, crumbly stone. On either side were
       horizontal niches, where, if they held their torches closely, the shape of
       a human body was discernible in white ashes, into which the entire
       mortality of a man or woman had resolved itself. Among all this extinct
       dust, there might perchance be a thigh-bone, which crumbled at a touch; or
       possibly a skull, grinning at its own wretched plight, as is the ugly and
       empty habit of the thing.
       Sometimes their gloomy pathway tended upward, so that, through a crevice,
       a little daylight glimmered down upon them, or even a streak of sunshine
       peeped into a burial niche; then again, they went downward by gradual
       descent, or by abrupt, rudely hewn steps, into deeper and deeper recesses
       of the earth. Here and there the narrow and tortuous passages widened
       somewhat, developing themselves into small chapels;--which once, no doubt,
       had been adorned with marble-work and lighted with ever-burning lamps and
       tapers. All such illumination and ornament, however, had long since been
       extinguished and stript away; except, indeed, that the low roofs of a few
       of these ancient sites of worship were covered with dingy stucco, and
       frescoed with scriptural scenes and subjects, in the dreariest stage of
       ruin.
       In one such chapel, the guide showed them a low arch, beneath which the
       body of St. Cecilia had been buried after her martyrdom, and where it lay
       till a sculptor saw it, and rendered it forever beautiful in marble.
       In a similar spot they found two sarcophagi, one containing a skeleton,
       and the other a shrivelled body, which still wore the garments of its
       former lifetime.
       "How dismal all this is!" said Hilda, shuddering. "I do not know why we
       came here, nor why we should stay a moment longer."
       "I hate it all!" cried Donatello with peculiar energy. "Dear friends,
       let us hasten back into the blessed daylight!"
       From the first, Donatello had shown little fancy for the expedition; for,
       like most Italians, and in especial accordance with the law of his own
       simple and physically happy nature, this young man had an infinite
       repugnance to graves and skulls, and to all that ghastliness which the
       Gothic mind loves to associate with the idea of death. He shuddered, and
       looked fearfully round, drawing nearer to Miriam, whose attractive
       influence alone had enticed him into that gloomy region.
       "What a child you are, poor Donatello!" she observed, with the freedom
       which she always used towards him. "You are afraid of ghosts!"
       "Yes, signorina; terribly afraid!" said the truthful Donatello.
       "I also believe in ghosts," answered Miriam, "and could tremble at them,
       in a suitable place. But these sepulchres are so old, and these skulls
       and white ashes so very dry, that methinks they have ceased to be haunted.
       The most awful idea connected with the catacombs is their interminable
       extent, and the possibility of going astray into this labyrinth of
       darkness, which broods around the little glimmer of our tapers."
       "Has any one ever been lost here?" asked Kenyon of the guide.
       "Surely, signor; one, no longer ago than my father's time," said the guide;
       and he added, with the air of a man who believed what he was telling,
       "but the first that went astray here was a pagan of old Rome, who hid
       himself in order to spy out and betray the blessed saints, who then dwelt
       and worshipped in these dismal places. You have heard the story, signor?
       A miracle was wrought upon the accursed one; and, ever since (for fifteen
       centuries at least), he has been groping in the darkness, seeking his way
       out of the catacomb."
       "Has he ever been seen?" asked Hilda, who had great and tremulous faith
       in marvels of this kind.
       "These eyes of mine never beheld him, signorina; the saints forbid!"
       answered the guide. "But it is well known that he watches near parties
       that come into the catacomb, especially if they be heretics, hoping to
       lead some straggler astray. What this lost wretch pines for, almost as
       much as for the blessed sunshine, is a companion to be miserable with him."
       "Such an intense desire for sympathy indicates something amiable in the
       poor fellow, at all events," observed Kenyon.
       They had now reached a larger chapel than those heretofore seen; it was of
       a circular shape, and, though hewn out of the solid mass of red sandstone,
       had pillars, and a carved roof, and other tokens of a regular
       architectural design. Nevertheless, considered as a church, it was
       exceedingly minute, being scarcely twice a man's stature in height, and
       only two or three paces from wall to wall; and while their collected
       torches illuminated this one small, consecrated spot, the great darkness
       spread all round it, like that immenser mystery which envelops our little
       life, and into which friends vanish from us, one by one. "Why, where is
       Miriam?" cried Hilda. The party gazed hurriedly from face to face, and
       became aware that one of their party had vanished into the great darkness,
       even while they were shuddering at the remote possibility of such a
       misfortune. _
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VOLUME I
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER I - MIRIAM, HILDA, KENYON, DONATELLO
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER II - THE FAUN
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER III - SUBTERRANEAN REMINISCENCES
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER IV - THE SPECTRE OF THE CATACOMB
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER V - MIRIAM'S STUDIO
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER VI - THE VIRGIN'S SHRINE
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER VII - BEATRICE
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER VIII - THE SUBURBAN VILLA
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER IX - THE FAUN AND NYMPH
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER X - THE SYLVAN DANCE
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER XI - FRAGMENTARY SENTENCES
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER XII - A STROLL ON THE PINCIAN
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER XIII - A SCULPTOR'S STUDIO
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER XIV - CLEOPATRA
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER XV - AN AESTHETIC COMPANY
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER XVI - A MOONLIGHT RAMBLE
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER XVII - MIRIAM'S TROUBLE
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER XVIII - ON THE EDGE OF A PRECIPICE
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER XIX - THE FAUN'S TRANSFORMATION
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER XX - THE BURIAL CHANT
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER XXI - THE DEAD CAPUCHIN
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER XXII -THE MEDICI GARDENS
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER XXIII - MIRIAM AND HILDA
VOLUME II
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XXIV - THE TOWER AMONG THE APENNINES
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XXV - SUNSHINE
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XXVI - THE PEDIGREE OF MONTE BENI
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XXVII - MYTHS
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XXVIII - THE OWL TOWER
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XXIX - ON THE BATTLEMENTS
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XXX - DONATELLO'S BUST
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XXXI - THE MARBLE SALOON
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XXXII - SCENES BY THE WAY
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XXXIII - PICTURED WINDOWS
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XXXIV - MARKET-DAY IN PERUGIA
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XXXV - THE BRONZE PONTIFF'S BENEDICTION
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XXXVI - HILDA'S TOWER
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XXXVII - THE EMPTINESS OF PICTURE GALLERIES
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XXXVIII - ALTARS AND INCENSE
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XXXIX - THE WORLD'S CATHEDRAL
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XL - HILDA AND A FRIEND
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XLI - SNOWDROPS AND MAIDENLY DELIGHTS
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XLII - REMINISCENCES OF MIRIAM
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XLIII - THE EXTINCTION OF A LAMP
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XLIV - THE DESERTED SHRINE
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XLV - THE FLIGHT OF HILDA'S DOVES
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XLVI - A WALK ON THE CAMPAGNA
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XLVII - THE PEASANT AND CONTADINA
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XLVIII - A SCENE IN THE CORSO
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XLIX - A FROLIC OF THE CARNIVAL
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER L - MIRIAM, HILDA, KENYON, DONATELLO
   CONCLUSION