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Marble Faun, The
VOLUME I   VOLUME I - CHAPTER XX - THE BURIAL CHANT
Nathaniel Hawthorne
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       _ The Church of the Capuchins (where, as the reader may remember, some of
       our acquaintances had made an engagement to meet) stands a little aside
       from the Piazza Barberini. Thither, at the hour agreed upon, on the
       morning after the scenes last described, Miriam and Donatello directed
       their steps. At no time are people so sedulously careful to keep their
       trifling appointments, attend to their ordinary occupations, and thus put
       a commonplace aspect on life, as when conscious of some secret that if
       suspected would make them look monstrous in the general eye.
       Yet how tame and wearisome is the impression of all ordinary things in the
       contrast with such a fact! How sick and tremulous, the next morning, is
       the spirit that has dared so much only the night before! How icy cold is
       the heart, when the fervor, the wild ecstasy of passion has faded away,
       and sunk down among the dead ashes of the fire that blazed so fiercely,
       and was fed by the very substance of its life! How faintly does the
       criminal stagger onward, lacking the impulse of that strong madness that
       hurried him into guilt, and treacherously deserts him in the midst of it!
       When Miriam and Donatello drew near the church, they found only Kenyon
       awaiting them on the steps. Hilda had likewise promised to be of the
       party, but had not yet appeared. Meeting the sculptor, Miriam put a force
       upon herself and succeeded in creating an artificial flow of spirits,
       which, to any but the nicest observation, was quite as effective as a
       natural one. She spoke sympathizingly to the sculptor on the subject of
       Hilda's absence, and somewhat annoyed him by alluding in Donatello's
       hearing to an attachment which had never been openly avowed, though
       perhaps plainly enough betrayed. He fancied that Miriam did not quite
       recognize the limits of the strictest delicacy; he even went so far as to
       generalize, and conclude within himself, that this deficiency is a more
       general failing in woman than in man, the highest refinement being a
       masculine attribute.
       But the idea was unjust to the sex at large, and especially so to this
       poor Miriam, who was hardly responsible for her frantic efforts to be gay.
       Possibly, moreover, the nice action of the mind is set ajar by any
       violent shock, as of great misfortune or great crime, so that the finer
       perceptions may be blurred thenceforth, and the effect be traceable in all
       the minutest conduct of life.
       "Did you see anything of the dear child after you left us?" asked Miriam,
       still keeping Hilda as her topic of conversation. "I missed her sadly on
       my way homeward; for nothing insures me such delightful and innocent
       dreams (I have experienced it twenty times)as a talk late in the evening
       with Hilda."
       "So I should imagine," said the sculptor gravely; "but it is an advantage
       that I have little or no opportunity of enjoying. I know not what became
       of Hilda after my parting from you. She was not especially my companion
       in any part of our walk. The last I saw of her she was hastening back to
       rejoin you in the courtyard of the Palazzo Caffarelli."
       "Impossible!" cried Miriam, starting.
       "Then did you not see her again?" inquired Kenyon, in some alarm.
       "Not there," answered Miriam quietly; "indeed, I followed pretty closely
       on the heels of the rest of the party. But do not be alarmed on Hilda's
       account; the Virgin is bound to watch over the good child, for the sake of
       the piety with which she keeps the lamp alight at her shrine. And besides,
       I have always felt that Hilda is just as safe in these evil streets of
       Rome as her white doves when they fly downwards from the tower top, and
       run to and fro among the horses' feet. There is certainly a providence on
       purpose for Hilda, if for no other human creature."
       "I religiously believe it," rejoined the sculptor; "and yet my mind would
       be the easier, if I knew that she had returned safely to her tower."
       "Then make yourself quite easy," answered Miriam. "I saw her (and it is
       the last sweet sight that I remember) leaning from her window midway
       between earth and sky!"
       Kenyon now looked at Donatello.
       "You seem out of spirits, my dear friend," he observed. "This languid
       Roman atmosphere is not the airy wine that you were accustomed to breathe
       at home. I have not forgotten your hospitable invitation to meet you this
       summer at your castle among the Apennines. It is my fixed purpose to
       come, I assure you. We shall both be the better for some deep draughts
       of the mountain breezes."
       "It may he," said Donatello, with unwonted sombreness; "the old house
       seemed joyous when I was a child. But as I remember it now it was a grim
       place, too."
       The sculptor looked more attentively at the young man, and was surprised
       and alarmed to observe how entirely the fine, fresh glow of animal spirits
       had departed out of his face. Hitherto, moreover, even while he was
       standing perfectly still, there had been a kind of possible gambol
       indicated in his aspect. It was quite gone now. All his youthful gayety,
       and with it his simplicity of manner, was eclipsed, if not utterly extinct.
       "You are surely ill, my dear fellow," exclaimed Kenyon.
       "Am I? Perhaps so," said Donatello indifferently; "I never have been ill,
       and know not what it may be."
       "Do not make the poor lad fancy-sink," whispered Miriam, pulling the
       sculptor's sleeve. "He is of a nature to lie down and die at once, if he
       finds himself drawing such melancholy breaths as we ordinary people are
       enforced to burden our lungs withal. But we must get him away from this
       old, dreamy and dreary Rome, where nobody but himself ever thought of
       being gay. Its influences are too heavy to sustain the life of such a
       creature."
       The above conversation had passed chiefly on the steps of the Cappuccini;
       and, having said so much, Miriam lifted the leathern curtain that hangs
       before all church-doors in italy.
       "
       Hilda has forgotten her appointment," she observed, "or else her maiden
       slumbers are very sound this morning. We will wait for her no longer."
       They entered the nave. The interior of the church was of moderate compass,
       but of good architecture, with a vaulted roof over the nave, and a row of
       dusky chapels on either side of it instead of the customary side-aisles.
       Each chapel had its saintly shrine, hung round with offerings; its picture
       above the altar, although closely veiled, if by any painter of renown; and
       its hallowed tapers, burning continually, to set alight the devotion of
       the worshippers. The pavement of the nave was chiefly of marble, and
       looked old and broken, and was shabbily patched here and there with tiles
       of brick; it was inlaid, moreover, with tombstones of the mediaeval taste,
       on which were quaintly sculptured borders, figures, and portraits in
       bas-relief, and Latin epitaphs, now grown illegible by the tread of
       footsteps over them. The church appertains to a convent of Capuchin monks;
       and, as usually happens when a reverend brotherhood have such an edifice
       in charge, the floor seemed never to have been scrubbed or swept, and had
       as little the aspect of sanctity as a kennel; whereas, in all churches of
       nunneries, the maiden sisterhood invariably show the purity of their own
       hearts by the virgin cleanliness and visible consecration of the walls and
       pavement.
       As our friends entered the church, their eyes rested at once on a
       remarkable object in the centre of the nave. It was either the actual
       body, or, as might rather have been supposed at first glance, the
       cunningly wrought waxen face and suitably draped figure of a dead monk.
       This image of wax or clay-cold reality, whichever it might be, lay on a
       slightly elevated bier, with three tall candles burning on each side,
       another tall candle at the head, and another at the foot. There was music,
       too; in harmony with so funereal a spectacle. From beneath the pavement
       of the church came the deep, lugubrious strain of a De Profundis, which
       sounded like an utterance of the tomb itself; so dismally did it rumble
       through the burial vaults, and ooze up among the flat gravestones and sad
       epitaphs, filling the church as with a gloomy mist.
       "I must look more closely at that dead monk before we leave the church,"
       remarked the sculptor. "In the study of my art, I have gained many a hint
       from the dead which the living could never have given me."
       "I can well imagine it," answered Miriam. "One clay image is readily
       copied from another. But let us first see Guido's picture. The light is
       favorable now."
       Accordingly, they turned into the first chapel on the right hand, as you
       enter the nave; and there they beheld,--not the picture, indeed,--but a
       closely drawn curtain. The churchmen of Italy make no scruple of
       sacrificing the very purpose for which a work of sacred art has been
       created; that of opening the way; for religious sentiment through the
       quick medium of sight, by bringing angels, saints, and martyrs down
       visibly upon earth; of sacrificing this high purpose, and, for aught they
       know, the welfare of many souls along with it, to the hope of a paltry fee.
       Every work by an artist of celebrity is hidden behind a veil, and seldom
       revealed, except to Protestants, who scorn it as an object of devotion,
       and value it only for its artistic merit.
       The sacristan was quickly found, however, and lost no time in disclosing
       the youthful Archangel, setting his divine foot on the head of his fallen
       adversary. It was an image of that greatest of future events, which we
       hope for so ardently, at least, while we are young,--but find so very long
       in coming, the triumph of goodness over the evil principle.
       "Where can Hilda be?" exclaimed Kenyon. "It is not her custom ever to
       fail in an engagement; and the present one was made entirely on her
       account. Except herself, you know, we were all agreed in our recollection
       of the picture."
       "But we were wrong, and Hilda right, as you perceive," said Miriam,
       directing his attention to the point on which their dispute of the night
       before had arisen. "It is not easy to detect her astray as regards any
       picture on which those clear, soft eyes of hers have ever rested."
       "And she has studied and admired few pictures so much as this," observed
       the sculptor. "No wonder; for there is hardly another so beautiful in
       the world. What an expression of heavenly severity in the Archangel's
       face! There is a degree of pain, trouble, and disgust at being brought in
       contact with sin, even for the purpose of quelling and punishing it; and
       yet a celestial tranquillity pervades his whole being."
       "I have never been able," said Miriam, "to admire this picture nearly so
       much as Hilda does, in its moral and intellectual aspect. If it cost her
       more trouble to be good, if her soul were less white and pure, she would
       be a more competent critic of this picture, and would estimate it not half
       so high. I see its defects today more clearly than ever before."
       "What are some of them?" asked Kenyon.
       "That Archangel, now," Miriam continued; "how fair he looks, with his
       unruffled wings, with his unhacked sword, and clad in his bright armor,
       and that exquisitely fitting sky-blue tunic, cut in the latest
       Paradisiacal mode! What a dainty air of the first celestial society!
       With what half-scornful delicacy he sets his prettily sandalled foot on
       the head of his prostrate foe! But, is it thus that virtue looks the
       moment after its death struggle with evil? No, no; I could have told
       Guido better. A full third of the Archangel's feathers should have been
       torn from his wings; the rest all ruffled, till they looked like Satan's
       own! His sword should be streaming with blood, and perhaps broken halfway
       to the hilt; his armor crushed, his robes rent, his breast gory; a
       bleeding gash on his brow, cutting right across the stern scowl of battle!
       He should press his foot hard down upon the old serpent, as if his very
       soul depended upon it, feeling him squirm mightily, and doubting whether
       the fight were half over yet, and how the victory might turn! And, with
       all this fierceness, this grimness, this unutterable horror, there should
       still be something high, tender, and holy in Michael's eyes, and around
       his mouth. But the battle never was such a child's play as Guido's dapper
       Archangel seems to have found it."
       "For Heaven's sake, Miriam," cried Kenyon, astonished at the wild energy
       of her talk; "paint the picture of man's struggle against sin according to
       your own idea! I think it will be a masterpiece."
       "The picture would have its share of truth, I assure you," she answered;
       "but I am sadly afraid the victory would fail on the wrong side. Just
       fancy a smoke-blackened, fiery-eyed demon bestriding that nice young angel,
       clutching his white throat with one of his hinder claws; and giving a
       triumphant whisk of his scaly tail, with a poisonous dart at the end of it!
       That is what they risk, poor souls, who do battle with Michael's enemy."
       It now, perhaps, struck Miriam that her mental disquietude was impelling
       her to an undue vivacity; for she paused, and turned away from the picture,
       without saying a word more about it. All this while, moreover, Donatello
       had been very ill at ease, casting awe-stricken and inquiring glances at
       the dead monk; as if he could look nowhere but at that ghastly object,
       merely because it shocked him. Death has probably a peculiar horror and
       ugliness, when forced upon the contemplation of a person so naturally
       joyous as Donatello, who lived with completeness in the present moment,
       and was able to form but vague images of the future.
       "What is the matter, Donatello?" whispered Miriam soothingly. "You are
       quite in a tremble, my poor friend! What is it?"
       "This awful chant from beneath the church,," answered Donatello; "it
       oppresses me; the air is so heavy with it that I can scarcely draw my
       breath. And yonder dead monk! I feel as if he were lying right across my
       heart."
       "Take courage!" whispered she again "come, we will approach close to the
       dead monk. The only way, in such cases, is to stare the ugly horror
       right in the face; never a sidelong glance, nor half-look, for those are
       what show a frightfill thing in its frightfullest aspect. Lean on me,
       dearest friend! My heart is very strong for both of us. Be brave; and
       all is well."
       Donatello hung back for a moment, but then pressed close to Miriam's side,
       and suffered her to lead him up to the bier. The sculptor followed. A
       number of persons, chiefly women, with several children among them, were
       standing about the corpse; and as our three friends drew nigh, a mother
       knelt down, and caused her little boy to kneel, both kissing the beads and
       crucifix that hung from the monk's girdle. Possibly he had died in the
       odor of sanctity; or, at all events, death and his brown frock and cowl
       made a sacred image of this reverend father. _
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VOLUME I
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER I - MIRIAM, HILDA, KENYON, DONATELLO
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER II - THE FAUN
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER III - SUBTERRANEAN REMINISCENCES
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER IV - THE SPECTRE OF THE CATACOMB
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER V - MIRIAM'S STUDIO
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER VI - THE VIRGIN'S SHRINE
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER VII - BEATRICE
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER VIII - THE SUBURBAN VILLA
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER IX - THE FAUN AND NYMPH
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER X - THE SYLVAN DANCE
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER XI - FRAGMENTARY SENTENCES
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER XII - A STROLL ON THE PINCIAN
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER XIII - A SCULPTOR'S STUDIO
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER XIV - CLEOPATRA
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER XV - AN AESTHETIC COMPANY
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER XVI - A MOONLIGHT RAMBLE
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER XVII - MIRIAM'S TROUBLE
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER XVIII - ON THE EDGE OF A PRECIPICE
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER XIX - THE FAUN'S TRANSFORMATION
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER XX - THE BURIAL CHANT
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER XXI - THE DEAD CAPUCHIN
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER XXII -THE MEDICI GARDENS
   VOLUME I - CHAPTER XXIII - MIRIAM AND HILDA
VOLUME II
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XXIV - THE TOWER AMONG THE APENNINES
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XXV - SUNSHINE
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XXVI - THE PEDIGREE OF MONTE BENI
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XXVII - MYTHS
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XXVIII - THE OWL TOWER
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XXIX - ON THE BATTLEMENTS
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XXX - DONATELLO'S BUST
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XXXI - THE MARBLE SALOON
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XXXII - SCENES BY THE WAY
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XXXIII - PICTURED WINDOWS
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XXXIV - MARKET-DAY IN PERUGIA
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XXXV - THE BRONZE PONTIFF'S BENEDICTION
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XXXVI - HILDA'S TOWER
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XXXVII - THE EMPTINESS OF PICTURE GALLERIES
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XXXVIII - ALTARS AND INCENSE
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XXXIX - THE WORLD'S CATHEDRAL
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XL - HILDA AND A FRIEND
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XLI - SNOWDROPS AND MAIDENLY DELIGHTS
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XLII - REMINISCENCES OF MIRIAM
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XLIII - THE EXTINCTION OF A LAMP
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XLIV - THE DESERTED SHRINE
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XLV - THE FLIGHT OF HILDA'S DOVES
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XLVI - A WALK ON THE CAMPAGNA
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XLVII - THE PEASANT AND CONTADINA
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XLVIII - A SCENE IN THE CORSO
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER XLIX - A FROLIC OF THE CARNIVAL
   VOLUME II - CHAPTER L - MIRIAM, HILDA, KENYON, DONATELLO
   CONCLUSION