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Letters of Mark Twain (complete), The
VOLUME IV - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1886-1900   VOLUME IV - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1886-1900 - CHAPTER XXXIV - LETTERS 1894. A WINTER IN NEW YORK. BUSINESS FAILURE. END OF THE MACHINE
Mark Twain
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       _ The beginning of the new year found Mark Twain sailing buoyantly on a
       tide of optimism. He believed that with H. H. Rogers as his financial
       pilot he could weather safely any storm or stress. He could divert
       himself, or rest, or work, and consider his business affairs with
       interest and amusement, instead of with haggard anxiety. He ran over to
       Hartford to see an amateur play; to Boston to give a charity reading; to
       Fair Haven to open the library which Mr. Rogers had established there; he
       attended gay dinners, receptions, and late studio parties, acquiring the
       name of the "Belle of New York." In the letters that follow we get the
       echo of some of these things. The Mrs. Rice mentioned in the next brief
       letter was the wife of Dr. Clarence C. Rice, who had introduced
       H. H. Rogers to Mark Twain.
       To Mrs. Clemens, in Paris:
       Jan. 12, '94
       Livy darling, I came down from Hartford yesterday with Kipling, and he
       and Hutton and I had the small smoking compartment to ourselves and found
       him at last at his ease, and not shy. He was very pleasant company
       indeed. He is to be in the city a week, and I wish I could invite him to
       dinner, but it won't do. I should be interrupted by business, of course.
       The construction of a contract that will suit Paige's lawyer (not Paige)
       turns out to be very difficult. He is embarrassed by earlier advice to
       Paige, and hates to retire from it and stultify himself. The
       negotiations are being conducted, by means of tedious long telegrams and
       by talks over the long-distance telephone. We keep the wires loaded.
       Dear me, dinner is ready. So Mrs. Rice says.
       With worlds of love,
       SAML.
       Clemens and Oliver Wendell Holmes had met and become friends soon after
       the publication of Innocents Abroad, in 1869. Now, twenty-five years
       later, we find a record of what without doubt was their last meeting.
       It occurred at the home of Mrs. James T. Field.
       To Mrs. Clemens, in Paris:
       BOSTON, Jan. 25, '94.
       Livy darling, I am caught out worse this time than ever before, in the
       matter of letters. Tuesday morning I was smart enough to finish and mail
       my long letter to you before breakfast--for I was suspecting that I would
       not have another spare moment during the day. It turned out just so.
       In a thoughtless moment I agreed to come up here and read for the poor.
       I did not reflect that it would cost me three days. I could not get
       released. Yesterday I had myself called at 8 and ran out to Mr. Rogers's
       house at 9, and talked business until half past 10; then caught 11
       o'clock train and arrived here at 6; was shaven and dressed by 7 and
       ready for dinner here in Mrs. Field's charming house.
       Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes never goes out now (he is in his 84th year,)
       but he came out this time-said he wanted to "have a time" once more with
       me.
       Mrs. Fields said Aldrich begged to come and went away crying because she
       wouldn't let him. She allowed only her family (Sarah Orne Jewett and
       sister) to be present, because much company would overtax Dr. Holmes.
       Well, he was just delightful! He did as brilliant and beautiful talking
       (and listening) as ever he did in his life, I guess. Fields and Jewett
       said he hadn't been in such splendid form in years. He had ordered his
       carriage for 9.
       The coachman sent in for him at 9; but he said, "Oh, nonsense!--leave
       glories and grandeurs like these? Tell him to go away and come in an
       hour!"
       At 10 he was called for again, and Mrs. Fields, getting uneasy, rose, but
       he wouldn't go--and so we rattled ahead the same as ever. Twice more
       Mrs. Fields rose, but he wouldn't go--and he didn't go till half past 10
       --an unwarrantable dissipation for him in these days. He was
       prodigiously complimentary about some of my books, and is having
       Pudd'nhead read to him. I told him you and I used the Autocrat as a
       courting book and marked it all through, and that you keep it in the
       sacred green box with the love letters, and it pleased him.
       Good-bye, my dear darling, it is 15 minutes to dinner and I'm not dressed
       yet. I have a reception to-night and will be out very late at that place
       and at Irving's Theatre where I have a complimentary box. I wish you
       were all here.
       SAML.
       In the next letter we meet James J. Corbett--"Gentleman Jim," as he
       was sometimes called--the champion pugilist of that day.
       The Howells incident so amusingly dramatized will perhaps be more
       appreciated if the reader remembers that Mark Twain himself had at
       intervals been a mind-healing enthusiast. Indeed, in spite of his
       strictures on Mrs. Eddy, his interest in the subject of mind-cure
       continued to the end of his life.
       To Mrs. Clemens, in Paris:
       Sunday, 9.30 a. m.
       Livy dear, when we got out to the house last night, Mrs. Rogers, who is
       up and around, now, didn't want to go down stairs to dinner, but Mr. R.
       persuaded her and we had a very good time indeed. By 8 o'clock we were
       down again and bought a fifteen-dollar box in the Madison Square Garden
       (Rogers bought it, not I,) then he went and fetched Dr. Rice while I
       (went) to the Players and picked up two artists--Reid and Simmons--and
       thus we filled 5 of the 6 seats. There was a vast multitude of people in
       the brilliant place. Stanford White came along presently and invited me
       to go to the World-Champion's dressing room, which I was very glad to do.
       Corbett has a fine face and is modest and diffident, besides being the
       most perfectly and beautifully constructed human animal in the world.
       I said:
       "You have whipped Mitchell, and maybe you will whip Jackson in June--but
       you are not done, then. You will have to tackle me."
       He answered, so gravely that one might easily have thought him in
       earnest:
       "No--I am not going to meet you in the ring. It is not fair or right to
       require it. You might chance to knock me out, by no merit of your own,
       but by a purely accidental blow; and then my reputation would be gone and
       you would have a double one. You have got fame enough and you ought not
       to want to take mine away from me."
       Corbett was for a long time a clerk in the Nevada Bank in San Francisco.
       There were lots of little boxing matches, to entertain the crowd: then at
       last Corbett appeared in the ring and the 8,000 people present went mad
       with enthusiasm. My two artists went mad about his form. They said they
       had never seen anything that came reasonably near equaling its perfection
       except Greek statues, and they didn't surpass it.
       Corbett boxed 3 rounds with the middle-weight Australian champion--oh,
       beautiful to see!--then the show was over and we struggled out through a
       perfect wash of humanity. When we reached the street I found I had left
       my arctics in the box. I had to have them, so Simmons said he would go
       back and get them, and I didn't dissuade him. I couldn't see how he was
       going to make his way a single yard into that solid oncoming wave of
       people--yet he must plow through it full 50 yards. He was back with the
       shoes in 3 minutes!
       How do you reckon he accomplished that miracle? By saying:
       "Way, gentlemen, please--coming to fetch Mr. Corbett's overshoes."
       The word flew from mouth to mouth, the Red Sea divided, and Simmons
       walked comfortably through and back, dry shod. Simmons (this was
       revealed to me under seal of secrecy by Reid) is the hero of "Gwen," and
       he and Gwen's author were once engaged to marry. This is "fire-escape"
       Simmons, the inveterate talker, you know: "Exit--in case of Simmons."
       I had an engagement at a beautiful dwelling close to the Players for
       10.30; I was there by 10.45. Thirty cultivated and very musical ladies
       and gentlemen present--all of them acquaintances and many of them
       personal friends of mine. That wonderful Hungarian Band was there (they
       charge $500 for an evening.) Conversation and Band until midnight; then a
       bite of supper; then the company was compactly grouped before me and I
       told about Dr. B. E. Martin and the etchings, and followed it with the
       Scotch-Irish Christening. My, but the Martin is a darling story! Next,
       the head tenor from the Opera sang half a dozen great songs that set the
       company wild, yes, mad with delight, that nobly handsome young Damrosch
       accompanying on the piano.
       Just a little pause--then the Band burst out into an explosion of weird
       and tremendous dance music, a Hungarian celebrity and his wife took the
       floor--I followed; I couldn't help it; the others drifted in, one by one,
       and it was Onteora over again.
       By half past 4 I had danced all those people down--and yet was not tired;
       merely breathless. I was in bed at 5, and asleep in ten minutes. Up at
       9 and presently at work on this letter to you. I think I wrote until 2
       or half past. Then I walked leisurely out to Mr. Rogers's (it is called
       3 miles but it is short of it) arriving at 3.30, but he was out--
       to return at 5.30--(and a person was in, whom I don't particularly like)
       --so I didn't stay, but dropped over and chatted with the Howellses until
       6.
       First, Howells and I had a chat together. I asked about Mrs. H. He said
       she was fine, still steadily improving, and nearly back to her old best
       health. I asked (as if I didn't know):
       "What do you attribute this strange miracle to?"
       "Mind-cure--simply mind-cure."
       "Lord, what a conversion! You were a scoffer three months ago."
       "I? I wasn't."
       "You were. You made elaborate fun of me in this very room."
       "I did not, Clemens."
       "It's a lie, Howells, you did."
       I detailed to him the conversation of that time--with the stately
       argument furnished by Boyesen in the fact that a patient had actually
       been killed by a mind-curist; and Howells's own smart remark that when
       the mind-curist is done with you, you have to call in a "regular" at last
       because the former can't procure you a burial permit.
       At last he gave in--he said he remembered that talk, but had now been a
       mind-curist so long it was difficult for him to realize that he had ever
       been anything else.
       Mrs. H. came skipping in, presently, the very person, to a dot, that she
       used to be, so many years ago.
       Mrs. H. said: "People may call it what they like, but it is just
       hypnotism, and that's all it is--hypnotism pure and simple. Mind-cure!
       --the idea! Why, this woman that cured me hasn't got any mind. She's a
       good creature, but she's dull and dumb and illiterate and--"
       "Now Eleanor!"
       "I know what I'm talking about!--don't I go there twice a week? And Mr.
       Clemens, if you could only see her wooden and satisfied face when she
       snubs me for forgetting myself and showing by a thoughtless remark that
       to me weather is still weather, instead of being just an abstraction and
       a superstition--oh, it's the funniest thing you ever saw! A-n-d-when she
       tilts up her nose-well, it's--it's--Well it's that kind of a nose that--"
       "Now Eleanor!--the woman is not responsible for her nose--" and so-on and
       so-on. It didn't seem to me that I had any right to be having this feast
       and you not there.
       She convinced me before she got through, that she and William James are
       right--hypnotism and mind-cure are the same thing; no difference between
       them. Very well; the very source, the very center of hypnotism is Paris.
       Dr. Charcot's pupils and disciples are right there and ready to your hand
       without fetching poor dear old Susy across the stormy sea. Let Mrs.
       Mackay (to whom I send my best respects), tell you whom to go to to learn
       all you need to learn and how to proceed. Do, do it, honey. Don't lose
       a minute.
       .....At 11 o'clock last night Mr. Rogers said:
       "I am able to feel physical fatigue--and I feel it now. You never show
       any, either in your eyes or your movements; do you ever feel any?"
       I was able to say that I had forgotten what that feeling was like. Don't
       you remember how almost impossible it was for me to tire myself at the
       Villa? Well, it is just so in New York. I go to bed unfatigued at 3,
       I get up fresh and fine six hours later. I believe I have taken only one
       daylight nap since I have been here.
       When the anchor is down, then I shall say:
       "Farewell--a long farewell--to business! I will never touch it again!"
       I will live in literature, I will wallow in it, revel in it, I will swim
       in ink! Joan of Arc--but all this is premature; the anchor is not down
       yet.
       To-morrow (Tuesday) I will add a P. S. if I've any to add; but, whether
       or no, I must mail this to morrow, for the mail steamer goes next day.
       5.30 p. m. Great Scott, this is Tuesday! I must rush this letter into
       the mail instantly.
       Tell that sassy Ben I've got her welcome letter, and I'll write her as
       soon as I get a daylight chance. I've most time at night, but I'd
       druther write daytimes.
       SAML.
       The Reid and Simmons mentioned in the foregoing were Robert Reid and
       Edward Simmons, distinguished painter--the latter a brilliant,
       fluent, and industrious talker. The title; "Fire-escape Simmons,"
       which Clemens gives him, originated when Oliver Herford, whose
       quaint wit has so long delighted New-Yorkers, one day pinned up by
       the back door of the Players the notice: "Exit in case of Simmons."
       Gwen, a popular novel of that day, was written by Blanche Willis
       Howard.
       "Jamie" Dodge, in the next letter, was the son of Mrs. Mary Mapes
       Dodge, editor of St. Nicholas.
       To Clara Clemens, in Paris:
       MR. ROGERS'S OFFICE, Feb. 5, '94.
       Dear Benny--I was intending to answer your letter to-day, but I am away
       down town, and will simply whirl together a sentence or two for good-
       fellowship. I have bought photographs of Coquelin and Jane Hading and
       will ask them to sign them. I shall meet Coquelin tomorrow night, and if
       Hading is not present I will send her picture to her by somebody.
       I am to breakfast with Madame Nordica in a few days, and meantime I hope
       to get a good picture of her to sign. She was of the breakfast company
       yesterday, but the picture of herself which she signed and gave me does
       not do her majestic beauty justice.
       I am too busy to attend to the photo-collecting right, because I have to
       live up to the name which Jamie Dodge has given me--the "Belle of New
       York"--and it just keeps me rushing. Yesterday I had engagements to
       breakfast at noon, dine at 3, and dine again at 7. I got away from the
       long breakfast at 2 p. m., went and excused myself from the 3 o'clock
       dinner, then lunched with Mrs. Dodge in 58th street, returned to the
       Players and dressed, dined out at 9, and was back at Mrs. Dodge's at
       10 p. m. where we had magic-lantern views of a superb sort, and a lot of
       yarns until an hour after midnight, and got to bed at 2 this morning
       --a good deal of a gain on my recent hours. But I don't get tired; I
       sleep as sound as a dead person, and always wake up fresh and strong--
       usually at exactly 9.
       I was at breakfast lately where people of seven separate nationalities
       sat and the seven languages were going all the time. At my side sat
       a charming gentleman who was a delightful and active talker, and
       interesting. He talked glibly to those folks in all those seven
       languages and still had a language to spare! I wanted to kill him, for
       very envy.
       I greet you with love and kisses.
       PAPA.
       To Mrs. Clemens, in Paris:
       Feb.--.
       Livy dear, last night I played billiards with Mr. Rogers until 11, then
       went to Robert Reid's studio and had a most delightful time until 4 this
       morning. No ladies were invited this time. Among the people present
       were--
       Coquelin;
       Richard Harding Davis;
       Harrison, the great out-door painter;
       Wm. H. Chase, the artist;
       Bettini, inventor of the new phonograph.
       Nikola Tesla, the world-wide illustrious electrician; see article about
       him in Jan. or Feb. Century.
       John Drew, actor;
       James Barnes, a marvelous mimic; my, you should see him!
       Smedley the artist;
       Zorn the artist;
       Zogbaum the artist;
       Reinhart the artist;
       Metcalf the artist;
       Ancona, head tenor at the Opera;
       Oh, a great lot of others. Everybody there had done something and was in
       his way famous.
       Somebody welcomed Coquelin in a nice little French speech; John Drew did
       the like for me in English, and then the fun began. Coquelin did some
       excellent French monologues--one of them an ungrammatical Englishman
       telling a colorless historiette in French. It nearly killed the fifteen
       or twenty people who understood it.
       I told a yarn, Ancona sang half a dozen songs, Barnes did his darling
       imitations, Harding Davis sang the hanging of Danny Deever, which was of
       course good, but he followed it with that most fascinating (for what
       reason I don't know) of all Kipling's poems, "On the Road to Mandalay,"
       sang it tenderly, and it searched me deeper and charmed me more than the
       Deever.
       Young Gerrit Smith played some ravishing dance music and we all danced
       about an hour. There couldn't be a pleasanter night than that one was.
       Some of those people complained of fatigue but I don't seem to know what
       the sense of fatigue is.
       Coquelin talks quite good English now. He said:
       "I have a brother who has the fine mind--ah, a charming and delicate
       fancy, and he knows your writings so well, and loves them--and that is
       the same with me. It will stir him so when I write and tell him I have
       seen you!"
       Wasn't that nice? We talked a good deal together. He is as winning as
       his own face. But he wouldn't sign that photograph for Clara. "That?
       No! She shall have a better one. I will send it to you."
       He is much driven, and will forget it, but Reid has promised to get the
       picture for me, and I will try and keep him reminded.
       Oh, dear, my time is all used up and your letters are not answered.
       Mama, dear, I don't go everywhere--I decline most things. But there are
       plenty that I can't well get out of.
       I will remember what you say and not make my yarning too common.
       I am so glad Susy has gone on that trip and that you are trying the
       electric. May you both prosper. For you are mighty dear to me and in my
       thoughts always.
       SAML.
       The affairs of the Webster Publishing Company were by this time
       getting into a very serious condition indeed. The effects of the
       panic of the year before could not be overcome. Creditors were
       pressing their claims and profits were negligible. In the following
       letter we get a Mark Twain estimate of the great financier who so
       cheerfully was willing to undertake the solving of Mark Twain's
       financial problems.
       To Mrs. Clemens, in Paris:
       THE PLAYERS, Feb. 15, '94. 11.30 p. m.
       Livy darling, Yesterday I talked all my various matters over with Mr.
       Rogers and we decided that it would be safe for me to leave here the 7th
       of March, in the New York. So his private secretary, Miss Harrison,
       wrote and ordered a berth for me and then I lost no time in cabling you
       that I should reach Southampton March 14, and Paris the 15th. Land, but
       it made my pulses leap, to think I was going to see you again!.....
       One thing at a time. I never fully laid Webster's disastrous condition
       before Mr. Rogers until to-night after billiards. I did hate to burden
       his good heart and over-worked head with it, but he took hold with
       avidity and said it was no burden to work for his friends, but a
       pleasure. We discussed it from various standpoints, and found it a
       sufficiently difficult problem to solve; but he thinks that after he has
       slept upon it and thought it over he will know what to suggest.
       You must not think I am ever rude with Mr. Rogers, I am not. He is not
       common clay, but fine--fine and delicate--and that sort do not call out
       the coarsenesses that are in my sort. I am never afraid of wounding him;
       I do not need to watch myself in that matter. The sight of him is peace.
       He wants to go to Japan--it is his dream; wants to go with me--which
       means, the two families--and hear no more about business for awhile, and
       have a rest. And he needs it. But it is like all the dreams of all busy
       men--fated to remain dreams.
       You perceive that he is a pleasant text for me. It is easy to write
       about him. When I arrived in September, lord how black the prospect was
       --how desperate, how incurably desperate! Webster and Co had to have a
       small sum of money or go under at once. I flew to Hartford--to my
       friends--but they were not moved, not strongly interested, and I was
       ashamed that I went. It was from Mr. Rogers, a stranger, that I got the
       money and was by it saved. And then--while still a stranger--he set
       himself the task of saving my financial life without putting upon me (in
       his native delicacy) any sense that I was the recipient of a charity,
       a benevolence--and he has accomplished that task; accomplished it at a
       cost of three months of wearing and difficult labor. He gave that time
       to me--time which could not be bought by any man at a hundred thousand
       dollars a month--no, nor for three times the money.
       Well, in the midst of that great fight, that long and admirable fight,
       George Warner came to me and said:
       "There is a splendid chance open to you. I know a man--a prominent man--
       who has written a book that will go like wildfire; a book that arraigns
       the Standard Oil fiends, and gives them unmitigated hell, individual by
       individual. It is the very book for you to publish; there is a fortune
       in it, and I can put you in communication with the author."
       I wanted to say:
       "The only man I care for in the world; the only man I would give a damn
       for; the only man who is lavishing his sweat and blood to save me and
       mine from starvation and shame, is a Standard Oil fiend. If you know me,
       you know whether I want the book or not."
       But I didn't say that. I said I didn't want any book; I wanted to get
       out of the publishing business and out of all business, and was here for
       that purpose and would accomplish it if I could.
       But there's enough. I shall be asleep by 3, and I don't need much sleep,
       because I am never drowsy or tired these days. Dear, dear Susy my
       strength reproaches me when I think of her and you, my darling.
       SAML.
       But even so able a man as Henry Rogers could not accomplish the
       impossible. The affairs of the Webster Company were hopeless, the
       business was not worth saving. By Mr. Rogers's advice an assignment
       was made April, 18, 1894. After its early spectacular success less
       than ten years had brought the business to failure. The publication
       of the Grant memoirs had been its only great achievement.
       Clemens would seem to have believed that the business would resume,
       and for a time Rogers appears to have comforted him in his hope, but
       we cannot believe that it long survived. Young Hall, who had made
       such a struggle for its salvation, was eager to go on, but he must
       presently have seen the futility of any effort in that direction.
       Of course the failure of Mark Twain's firm made a great stir in the
       country, and it is easy to understand that loyal friends would rally
       in his behalf.
       To Mrs. Clemens, in Paris:
       April 22, '94.
       Dear old darling, we all think the creditors are going to allow us to
       resume business; and if they do we shall pull through and pay the debts.
       I am prodigiously glad we made an assignment. And also glad that we did
       not make it sooner. Earlier we should have made a poor showing; but now
       we shall make a good one.
       I meet flocks of people, and they all shake me cordially by the hand and
       say "I was so sorry to hear of the assignment, but so glad you did it.
       It was around, this long time, that the concern was tottering, and all
       your friends were afraid you would delay the assignment too long."
       John Mackay called yesterday, and said, "Don't let it disturb you, Sam--
       we all have to do it, at one time or another; it's nothing to be ashamed
       of."
       One stranger out in New York State sent me a dollar bill and thought he
       would like to get up a dollar-subscription for me. And Poultney
       Bigelow's note came promptly, with his check for $1,000. I had been
       meeting him every day at the Club and liking him better and better all
       the time. I couldn't take his money, of course, but I thanked him
       cordially for his good will.
       Now and then a good and dear Joe Twichell or Susy Warner condoles with me
       and says "Cheer up--don't be downhearted," and some other friend says,
       "I am glad and surprised to see how cheerful you are and how bravely you
       stand it"--and none of them suspect what a burden has been lifted from me
       and how blithe I am inside. Except when I think of you, dear heart--then
       I am not blithe; for I seem to see you grieving and ashamed, and dreading
       to look people in the face. For in the thick of the fight there is
       cheer, but you are far away and cannot hear the drums nor see the
       wheeling squadrons. You only seem to see rout, retreat, and dishonored
       colors dragging in the dirt--whereas none of these things exist. There
       is temporary defeat, but no dishonor--and we will march again. Charley
       Warner said to-day, "Sho, Livy isn't worrying. So long as she's got you
       and the children she doesn't care what happens. She knows it isn't her
       affair." Which didn't convince me.
       Good bye my darling, I love you and all of the kids--and you can tell
       Clara I am not a spitting gray kitten.
       SAML.
       Clemens sailed for Europe as soon as his affairs would permit him to
       go. He must get settled where he could work comfortably. Type-
       setter prospects seemed promising, but meantime there was need of
       funds.
       He began writing on the ship, as was his habit, and had completed
       his article on Fenimore Cooper by the time he reached London. In
       August we find him writing to Mr. Rogers from Etretat, a little
       Norman watering-place.
       To H. H. Rogers, in New York:
       ETRETAT, (NORMANDIE)
       CHALET DES ABRIS
       Aug. 25, '94.
       DEAR MR. ROGERS,--I find the Madam ever so much better in health and
       strength. The air is superb and soothing and wholesome, and the Chalet
       is remote from noise and people, and just the place to write in. I shall
       begin work this afternoon.
       Mrs. Clemens is in great spirits on, account of the benefit which she has
       received from the electrical treatment in Paris and is bound to take it
       up again and continue it all the winter, and of course I am perfectly
       willing. She requires me to drop the lecture platform out of my mind and
       go straight ahead with Joan until the book is finished. If I should have
       to go home for even a week she means to go with me--won't consent to be
       separated again--but she hopes I won't need to go.
       I tell her all right, "I won't go unless you send, and then I must."
       She keeps the accounts; and as she ciphers it we can't get crowded for
       money for eight months yet. I didn't know that. But I don't know much
       anyway.
       Sincerely yours,
       S. L. CLEMENS.
       The reader may remember that Clemens had written the first half of
       his Joan of Arc book at the Villa Viviani, in Florence, nearly two
       years before. He had closed the manuscript then with the taking of
       Orleans, and was by no means sure that he would continue the story
       beyond that point. Now, however, he was determined to reach the
       tale's tragic conclusion.
       To H. H. Rogers, in New York:
       ETRETAT,
       Sunday, Sept. 9, '94.
       DEAR MR. ROGERS, I drove the quill too hard, and I broke down--in my
       head. It has now been three days since I laid up. When I wrote you a
       week ago I had added 10,000 words or thereabout to Joan. Next day I
       added 1,500 which was a proper enough day's work though not a full one;
       but during Tuesday and Wednesday I stacked up an aggregate of 6,000
       words--and that was a very large mistake. My head hasn't been worth a
       cent since.
       However, there's a compensation; for in those two days I reached and
       passed--successfully--a point which I was solicitous about before I ever
       began the book: viz., the battle of Patay. Because that would naturally
       be the next to the last chapter of a work consisting of either two books
       or one. In the one case one goes right along from that point (as I shall
       do now); in the other he would add a wind-up chapter and make the book
       consist of Joan's childhood and military career alone.
       I shall resume work to-day; and hereafter I will not go at such an
       intemperate' rate. My head is pretty cobwebby yet.
       I am hoping that along about this time I shall hear that the machine is
       beginning its test in the Herald office. I shall be very glad indeed to
       know the result of it. I wish I could be there.
       Sincerely yours
       S. L. CLEMENS.
       Rouen, where Joan met her martyrdom, was only a short distance away,
       and they halted there en route to Paris, where they had arranged to
       spend the winter. The health of Susy Clemens was not good, and they
       lingered in Rouen while Clemens explored the old city and
       incidentally did some writing of another sort. In a note to Mr.
       Rogers he said: "To put in my odd time I am writing some articles
       about Paul Bourget and his Outre-Mer chapters--laughing at them and
       at some of our oracular owls who find them important. What the hell
       makes them important, I should like to know!"
       He was still at Rouen two weeks later and had received encouraging
       news from Rogers concerning the type-setter, which had been placed
       for trial in the office of the Chicago Herald. Clemens wrote: "I
       can hardly keep from sending a hurrah by cable. I would certainly
       do it if I wasn't superstitious." His restraint, though wise, was
       wasted the end was near.
       To H. H. Rogers, in New York:
       169 RUE DE L'UNIVERSITE,
       PARIS, Dec. 22; '94.
       DEAR MR. ROGERS,--I seemed to be entirely expecting your letter, and also
       prepared and resigned; but Lord, it shows how little we know ourselves
       and how easily we can deceive ourselves. It hit me like a thunder-clap.
       It knocked every rag of sense out of my head, and I went flying here and
       there and yonder, not knowing what I was doing, and only one clearly
       defined thought standing up visible and substantial out of the crazy
       storm-drift that my dream of ten years was in desperate peril, and out of
       the 60,000 or 90,000 projects for its rescue that came floating through
       my skull, not one would hold still long enough for me to examine it and
       size it up. Have you ever been like that? Not so much so, I reckon.
       There was another clearly defined idea--I must be there and see it die.
       That is, if it must die; and maybe if I were there we might hatch up some
       next-to-impossible way to make it take up its bed and take a walk.
       So, at the end of four hours I started, still whirling and walked over to
       the rue Scribe--4 P. M.--and asked a question or two and was told I
       should be running a big risk if I took the 9 P. M. train for London and
       Southampton; "better come right along at 6.52 per Havre special and step
       aboard the New York all easy and comfortable." Very! and I about two
       miles from home, with no packing done.
       Then it occurred to me that none of these salvation-notions that were
       whirl-winding through my head could be examined or made available unless
       at least a month's time could be secured. So I cabled you, and said to
       myself that I would take the French steamer tomorrow (which will be
       Sunday).
       By bedtime Mrs. Clemens had reasoned me into a fairly rational and
       contented state of mind; but of course it didn't last long. So I went on
       thinking--mixing it with a smoke in the dressing room once an hour--until
       dawn this morning. Result--a sane resolution; no matter what your answer
       to my cable might be, I would hold still and not sail until I should get
       an answer to this present letter which I am now writing, or a cable
       answer from you saying "Come" or "Remain."
       I have slept 6 hours, my pond has clarified, and I find the sediment of
       my 70,000 projects to be of this character:
       [Several pages of suggestions for reconstructing the machine follow.]
       Don't say I'm wild. For really I'm sane again this morning.
       ......................
       I am going right along with Joan, now, and wait untroubled till I hear
       from you. If you think I can be of the least use, cable me "Come."
       I can write Joan on board ship and lose no time. Also I could discuss my
       plan with the publisher for a deluxe Joan, time being an object, for some
       of the pictures could be made over here cheaply and quickly, but would
       cost much time and money in America.
       ......................
       If the meeting should decide to quit business Jan. 4, I'd like to have
       Stoker stopped from paying in any more money, if Miss Harrison doesn't
       mind that disagreeable job. And I'll have to write them, too, of course.
       With love,
       S. L. CLEMENS.
       The "Stoker" of this letter was Bram Stoker, long associated with
       Sir Henry Irving. Irving himself had also taken stock in the
       machine. The address, 169 Rue de l'Universite, whence these letters
       are written, was the beautiful studio home of the artist Pomroy
       which they had taken for the winter.
       To H. H. Rogers, in New York:
       169 RUE DE L'UNIVERSITE,
       PARIS, Dec. 27, '94.
       DEAR MR. ROGERS,--Notwithstanding your heart is "old and hard," you make
       a body choke up. I know you "mean every word you say" and I do take it
       "in the same spirit in which you tender it." I shall keep your regard
       while we two live--that I know; for I shall always remember what you have
       done for me, and that will insure me against ever doing anything that
       could forfeit it or impair it. I am 59 years old; yet I never had a
       friend before who put out a hand and tried to pull me ashore when he
       found me in deep waters.
       It is six days or seven days ago that I lived through that despairing
       day, and then through a night without sleep; then settled down next day
       into my right mind (or thereabouts,) and wrote you. I put in the rest of
       that day till 7 P. M. plenty comfortably enough writing a long chapter
       of my book; then went to a masked ball blacked up as Uncle Remus, taking
       Clara along; and we had a good time. I have lost no day since and
       suffered no discomfort to speak of, but drove my troubles out of my mind
       and had good success in keeping them out--through watchfulness. I have
       done a good week's work and put the book a good way ahead in the Great
       Trial, which is the difficult part which requires the most thought and
       carefulness. I cannot see the end of the Trial yet, but I am on the
       road. I am creeping surely toward it.
       "Why not leave them all to me." My business bothers? I take you by the
       hand! I jump at the chance!
       I ought to be ashamed and I am trying my best to be ashamed--and yet I do
       jump at the chance in spite of it. I don't want to write Irving and I
       don't want to write Stoker. It doesn't seem as if I could. But I can
       suggest something for you to write them; and then if you see that I am
       unwise, you can write them something quite different. Now this is my
       idea:
       1. To return Stoker's $100 to him and keep his stock.
       2. And tell Irving that when luck turns with me I will make good to
       him what the salvage from the dead Co. fails to pay him of his $500.
       P. S. Madam says No, I must face the music. So I enclose my effort to
       be used if you approve, but not otherwise.
       There! Now if you will alter it to suit your judgment and bang away, I
       shall be eternally obliged.
       We shall try to find a tenant for our Hartford house; not an easy matter,
       for it costs heavily to live in. We can never live in it again; though
       it would break the family's hearts if they could believe it.
       Nothing daunts Mrs. Clemens or makes the world look black to her--which
       is the reason I haven't drowned myself.
       We all send our deepest and warmest greetings to you and all of yours and
       a Happy New Year!
       S. L. CLEMENS.
       Enclosure:
       MY DEAR STOKER,--I am not dating this because it is not to be mailed at
       present.
       When it reaches you it will mean that there is a hitch in my machine-
       enterprise--a hitch so serious as to make it take to itself the aspect of
       a dissolved dream. This letter, then, will contain cheque for the $100
       which you have paid. And will you tell Irving for me--I can't get up
       courage enough to talk about this misfortune myself, except to you, whom
       by good luck I haven't damaged yet that when the wreckage presently
       floats ashore he will get a good deal of his $500 back; and a dab at a
       time I will make up to him the rest.
       I'm not feeling as fine as I was when I saw you there in your home.
       Please remember me kindly to Mrs. Stoker. I gave up that London lecture-
       project entirely. Had to--there's never been a chance since to find the
       time.
       Sincerely yours,
       S. L. CLEMENS. _
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FOREWORD
MARK TWAIN--A BIOGRAPHICAL SUMMARY
VOLUME I - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1835[1853]-1866
   VOLUME I - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1835[1853]-1866 - CHAPTER I - EARLY LETTERS, 1853. NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA
   VOLUME I - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1835[1853]-1866 - CHAPTER II - LETTERS 1856-61. KEOKUK, AND THE RIVER. END OF PILOTING
   VOLUME I - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1835[1853]-1866 - CHAPTER III - LETTERS 1861-62. ON THE FRONTIER. MINING ADVENTURES. JOURNALISTIC BEGINNINGS
   VOLUME I - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1835[1853]-1866 - CHAPTER IV - LETTERS 1863-64. "MARK TWAIN." COMSTOCK JOURNALISM. ARTEMUS WARD
   VOLUME I - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1835[1853]-1866 - CHAPTER V - LETTERS 1864-66. SAN FRANCISCO AND HAWAII
   VOLUME I - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1835[1853]-1866 - CHAPTER VI - LETTERS 1866-67. THE LECTURER. SUCCESS ON THE COAST. IN NEW YORK.THE GREAT OCEAN EXCURSION
VOLUME II - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1867-1875
   VOLUME II - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1867-1875 - CHAPTER VIIa - To Bret Harte
   VOLUME II - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1867-1875 - CHAPTER VIIb - LETTERS 1867. THE TRAVELER. THE VOYAGE OF THE "QUAKER CITY"
   VOLUME II - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1867-1875 - CHAPTER VIII - LETTERS 1867-68. WASHINGTON AND SAN FRANCISCO. THE PROPOSED BOOK OF TRAVEL. A NEW LECTURE
   VOLUME II - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1867-1875 - CHAPTER IX - LETTERS 1868-70. COURTSHIP, AND "THE INNOCENTS ABROAD"
   VOLUME II - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1867-1875 - CHAPTER X - LETTERS 1870-71. MARK TWAIN IN BUFFALO. MARRIAGE. THE BUFFALO EXPRESS. "MEMORANDA."
   VOLUME II - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1867-1875 - CHAPTER XI - LETTERS 1871-72. REMOVAL TO HARTFORD. A LECTURE TOUR. "ROUGHING IT." FIRST LETTER TO HOWELLS
   VOLUME II - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1867-1875 - CHAPTER XII - LETTERS 1872-73. MARK TWAIN IN ENGLAND. LONDON HONORS. ACQUAINTANCE WITH DR. JOHN BROWN. A LECTURE TRIUMPH. "THE GILDED AGE"
   VOLUME II - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1867-1875 - CHAPTER XIII - LETTERS 1874. HARTFORD AND ELMIRA. A NEW STUDY. BEGINNING "TOM SAWYER." THE SELLERS PLAY.
   VOLUME II - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1867-1875 - CHAPTER XIV - LETTERS 1874. MISSISSIPPI CHAPTERS. VISITS TO BOSTON. A JOKE ON ALDRICH
   VOLUME II - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1867-1875 - CHAPTER XV - LETTERS FROM HARTFORD, 1875. MUCH CORRESPONDENCE WITH HOWELLS
VOLUME III - TWAIN'S LETTERS 1876-1885
   VOLUME III - TWAIN'S LETTERS 1876-1885 - CHAPTER XVI - LETTERS, 1876, CHIEFLY TO W. D. HOWELLS. LITERATURE AND POLITICS. PLANNING A PLAY WITH BRET HARTE
   VOLUME III - TWAIN'S LETTERS 1876-1885 - CHAPTER XVII - LETTERS, 1877. TO BERMUDA WITH TWICHELL. PROPOSITION TO TH. NAST. THE WHITTIER DINNER
   VOLUME III - TWAIN'S LETTERS 1876-1885 - CHAPTER XVIII - LETTERS FROM EUROPE, 1878-79. TRAMPING WITH TWICHELL. WRITING A NEW TRAVEL BOOK. LIFE IN MUNICH
   VOLUME III - TWAIN'S LETTERS 1876-1885 - CHAPTER XIX - LETTERS 1879. RETURN TO AMERICA. THE GREAT GRANT REUNION
   VOLUME III - TWAIN'S LETTERS 1876-1885 - CHAPTER XX - LETTERS OF 1880, CHIEFLY TO HOWELLS. "THE PRINCE AND THE PAUPER." MARK TWAIN MUGWUMP SOCIETY
   VOLUME III - TWAIN'S LETTERS 1876-1885 - CHAPTER XXI - LETTERS 1881, TO HOWELLS AND OTHERS. LITERARY PLANS ASSISTING A YOUNG SCULPTOR. LITERARY PLANS
   VOLUME III - TWAIN'S LETTERS 1876-1885 - CHAPTER XXII - LETTERS, 1882, MAINLY TO HOWELLS. WASTED FURY. OLD SCENES REVISITED. THE MISSISSIPPI BOOK
   VOLUME III - TWAIN'S LETTERS 1876-1885 - CHAPTER XXIII - LETTERS, 1883, TO HOWELLS AND OTHERS. A GUEST OF THE MARQUIS OF LORNE. THE HISTORY GAME. A PLAY BY HOWELLS AND MARK TWAIN
   VOLUME III - TWAIN'S LETTERS 1876-1885 - CHAPTER XXIV - LETTERS, 1884, TO HOWELLS AND OTHERS. CABLE'S GREAT APRIL FOOL. "HUCK FINN" IN PRESS. MARK TWAIN FOR CLEVELAND. CLEMENS AND CABLE
   VOLUME III - TWAIN'S LETTERS 1876-1885 - CHAPTER XXV - THE GREAT YEAR OF 1885. CLEMENS AND CABLE. PUBLICATION OF "HUCK FINN." THE GRANT MEMOIRS. MARK TWAIN AT FIFTY
VOLUME IV - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1886-1900
   VOLUME IV - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1886-1900 - CHAPTER XXVI - LETTERS, 1886-87. JANE CLEMENS'S ROMANCE. UNMAILED LETTERS, ETC.
   VOLUME IV - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1886-1900 - CHAPTER XXVII - MISCELLANEOUS LETTERS OF 1887. LITERARY ARTICLES. PEACEFUL DAYS AT THE FARM. FAVORITE READING. APOLOGY TO MRS. CLEVELAND, ETC.
   VOLUME IV - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1886-1900 - CHAPTER XXVIII - LETTERS,1888. A YALE DEGREE. WORK ON "THE YANKEE." ON INTERVIEWING, ETC.
   VOLUME IV - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1886-1900 - CHAPTER XXIX - LETTERS, 1889. THE MACHINE. DEATH OF MR. CRANE. CONCLUSION OF THE YANKEE
   VOLUME IV - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1886-1900 - CHAPTER XXX - LETTERS, 1890, CHIEFLY TO JOS. T. GOODMAN. THE GREAT MACHINE ENTERPRISE
   VOLUME IV - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1886-1900 - CHAPTER XXXI - LETTERS, 1891, TO HOWELLS, MRS. CLEMENS AND OTHERS. RETURN TO LITERATURE. AMERICAN CLAIMANT. LEAVING HARTFORD.EUROPE. DOWN THE RHINE
   VOLUME IV - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1886-1900 - CHAPTER XXXII - LETTERS, 1892, CHIEFLY TO MR. HALL AND MRS. CRANE. IN BERLIN, MENTONE, BAD-NAUHEIM, FLORENCE
   VOLUME IV - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1886-1900 - CHAPTER XXXIII - LETTERS, 1893, TO MR. HALL, MRS. CLEMENS, AND OTHERS. FLORENCE. BUSINESS TROUBLES. "PUDD'NHEAD WILSON." "JOAN OF ARC." AT THE PLAYERS, NEW YORK
   VOLUME IV - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1886-1900 - CHAPTER XXXIV - LETTERS 1894. A WINTER IN NEW YORK. BUSINESS FAILURE. END OF THE MACHINE
   VOLUME IV - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1886-1900 - CHAPTER XXXV - LETTERS, 1895-96, TO H. H. ROGERS AND OTHERS. FINISHING "JOAN OF ARC." THE TRIP AROUND THE WORLD. DEATH OF SUSY CLEMENS
   VOLUME IV - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1886-1900 - CHAPTER XXXVI - LETTERS 1897. LONDON, SWITZERLAND, VIENNA
   VOLUME IV - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1886-1900 - CHAPTER XXXVII - LETTERS, 1898, TO HOWELLS AND TWICHELL. LIFE IN VIENNA. PAYMENT OF THE DEBTS. ASSASSINATION OF THE EMPRESS
   VOLUME IV - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1886-1900 - CHAPTER XXXVIII - LETTERS, 1899, TO HOWELLS AND OTHERS. VIENNA. LONDON. A SUMMER IN SWEDEN
   VOLUME IV - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1886-1900 - CHAPTER XXXIX - LETTERS OF 1900, MAINLY TO TWICHELL. THE BOER WAR. BOXER TROUBLES. THE RETURN TO AMERICA
VOLUME V - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1901-1906
   VOLUME V - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1901-1906 - CHAPTER XL - LETTERS OF 1901, CHIEFLY TO TWICHELL. MARK TWAIN AS A REFORMER. SUMMER AT SARANAC. ASSASSINATION OF PRESIDENT McKINLEY
   VOLUME V - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1901-1906 - CHAPTER XLI - LETTERS OF 1902. RIVERDALE. YORK HARBOR. ILLNESS OF MRS. CLEMENS
   VOLUME V - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1901-1906 - CHAPTER XLII - LETTERS OF 1903. TO VARIOUS PERSONS. HARD DAYS AT RIVERDALE. LAST SUMMER AT ELMIRA. THE RETURN TO ITALY
   VOLUME V - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1901-1906 - CHAPTER XLIII - LETTERS OF 1904. TO VARIOUS PERSONS. LIFE IN VILLA QUARTO. DEATH OF MRS. CLEMENS. THE RETURN TO AMERICA
   VOLUME V - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1901-1906 - CHAPTER XLIV - LETTERS OF 1905. TO TWICHELL, MR. DUNEKA AND OTHERS. POLITICS AND HUMANITY. A SUMMER A SUMMER AT DUBLIN. MARK TWAIN AT 70
   VOLUME V - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1901-1906 - CHAPTER XLV - LETTERS, 1906, TO VARIOUS PERSONS. THE FAREWELL LECTURE. A SECOND SUMMER IN DUBLIN. BILLIARDS AND COPYRIGHT
VOLUME VI - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1907-1910
   VOLUME VI - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1907-1910 - CHAPTER XLVI - LETTERS 1907-08. A DEGREE FROM OXFORD. THE NEW HOME AT REDDING
   VOLUME VI - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1907-1910 - CHAPTER XLVII - LETTERS, 1909. TO HOWELLS AND OTHERS. LIFE AT STORMFIELD. COPYRIGHT EXTENSION. DEATH OF JEAN CLEMENS
   VOLUME VI - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1907-1910 - CHAPTER XLVIII - LETTERS OF 1910. LAST TRIP TO BERMUDA. LETTERS TO PAINE. THE LAST LETTER