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Letters of Mark Twain (complete), The
VOLUME III - TWAIN'S LETTERS 1876-1885   VOLUME III - TWAIN'S LETTERS 1876-1885 - CHAPTER XXI - LETTERS 1881, TO HOWELLS AND OTHERS. LITERARY PLANS ASSISTING A YOUNG SCULPTOR. LITERARY PLANS
Mark Twain
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       _ With all of Mark Twain's admiration for Grant, he had opposed him as a
       third-term President and approved of the nomination of Garfield. He had
       made speeches for Garfield during the campaign just ended, and had been
       otherwise active in his support. Upon Garfield's election, however, he
       felt himself entitled to no special favor, and the single request which
       he preferred at length could hardly be classed as, personal, though made
       for a "personal friend."
       To President-elect James A. Garfield, in Washington:
       HARTFORD, Jany. 12, '81.
       GEN. GARFIELD
       DEAR SIR,--Several times since your election persons wanting office have
       asked me "to use my influence" with you in their behalf.
       To word it in that way was such a pleasant compliment to me that I never
       complied. I could not without exposing the fact that I hadn't any
       influence with you and that was a thing I had no mind to do.
       It seems to me that it is better to have a good man's flattering estimate
       of my influence--and to keep it--than to fool it away with trying to get
       him an office. But when my brother--on my wife's side--Mr. Charles J.
       Langdon--late of the Chicago Convention--desires me to speak a word for
       Mr. Fred Douglass, I am not asked "to use my influence" consequently I am
       not risking anything. So I am writing this as a simple citizen. I am
       not drawing on my fund of influence at all. A simple citizen may express
       a desire with all propriety, in the matter of a recommendation to office,
       and so I beg permission to hope that you will retain Mr. Douglass in his
       present office of Marshall of the District of Columbia, if such a course
       will not clash with your own preferences or with the expediencies and
       interest of your administration. I offer this petition with peculiar
       pleasure and strong desire, because I so honor this man's high and
       blemishless character and so admire his brave, long crusade for the
       liberties and elevation of his race.
       He is a personal friend of mine, but that is nothing to the point, his
       history would move me to say these things without that, and I feel them
       too.
       With great respect
       I am, General,
       Yours truly,
       S. L. CLEMENS.
       Clemens would go out of his way any time to grant favor to the
       colored race. His childhood associations were partly accountable
       for this, but he also felt that the white man owed the negro a debt
       for generations of enforced bondage. He would lecture any time in a
       colored church, when he would as likely as not refuse point-blank to
       speak for a white congregation. Once, in Elmira, he received a
       request, poorly and none too politely phrased, to speak for one of
       the churches. He was annoyed and about to send a brief refusal,
       when Mrs. Clemens, who was present, said:
       "I think I know that church, and if so this preacher is a colored
       man; he does not know how to write a polished letter--how should
       he?" Her husband's manner changed so suddenly that she added:
       "I will give you a motto, and it will be useful to you if you will
       adopt it: Consider every man colored until he is proved white."
       To W. D. Howells, in Boston:
       HARTFORD, Feb. 27, 1881.
       MY DEAR HOWELLS,--I go to West Point with Twichell tomorrow, but shall be
       back Tuesday or Wednesday; and then just as soon thereafter as you and
       Mrs. Howells and Winny can come you will find us ready and most glad to
       see you--and the longer you can stay the gladder we shall be. I am not
       going to have a thing to do, but you shall work if you want to. On the
       evening of March 10th, I am going to read to the colored folk in the
       African Church here (no whites admitted except such as I bring with me),
       and a choir of colored folk will sing jubilee songs. I count on a good
       time, and shall hope to have you folks there, and Livy. I read in
       Twichell's chapel Friday night and had a most rattling high time--but the
       thing that went best of all was Uncle Remus's Tar Baby. I mean to try
       that on my dusky audience. They've all heard that tale from childhood--
       at least the older members have.
       I arrived home in time to make a most noble blunder--invited Charley
       Warner here (in Livy's name) to dinner with the Gerhardts, and told him
       Livy had invited his wife by letter and by word of mouth also. I don't
       know where I got these impressions, but I came home feeling as one does
       who realizes that he has done a neat thing for once and left no flaws or
       loop-holes. Well, Livy said she had never told me to invite Charley and
       she hadn't dreamed of inviting Susy, and moreover there wasn't any
       dinner, but just one lean duck. But Susy Warner's intuitions were
       correct--so she choked off Charley, and staid home herself--we waited
       dinner an hour and you ought to have seen that duck when he was done
       drying in the oven.
       MARK.
       Clemens and his wife were always privately assisting worthy and
       ambitious young people along the way of achievement. Young actors
       were helped through dramatic schools; young men and women were
       assisted through college and to travel abroad. Among others Clemens
       paid the way of two colored students, one through a Southern
       institution and another through the Yale law school.
       The mention of the name of Gerhardt in the preceding letter
       introduces the most important, or at least the most extensive, of
       these benefactions. The following letter gives the beginning of the
       story:
       To W. D. Howells, in Boston:
       Private and Confidential.
       HARTFORD, Feb. 21, 1881.
       MY DEAR HOWELLS,--Well, here is our romance.
       It happened in this way. One morning, a month ago--no, three weeks--
       Livy, and Clara Spaulding and I were at breakfast, at 10 A.M., and I was
       in an irritable mood, for the barber was up stairs waiting and his hot
       water getting cold, when the colored George returned from answering the
       bell and said: "There's a lady in the drawing-room wants to see you."
       "A book agent!" says I, with heat. "I won't see her; I will die in my
       tracks, first."
       Then I got up with a soul full of rage, and went in there and bent
       scowling over that person, and began a succession of rude and raspy
       questions--and without even offering to sit down.
       Not even the defendant's youth and beauty and (seeming) timidity were
       able to modify my savagery, for a time--and meantime question and answer
       were going on. She had risen to her feet with the first question; and
       there she stood, with her pretty face bent floorward whilst I inquired,
       but always with her honest eyes looking me in the face when it came her
       turn to answer.
       And this was her tale, and her plea-diffidently stated, but straight-
       forwardly; and bravely, and most winningly simply and earnestly: I put it
       in my own fashion, for I do not remember her words:
       Mr. Karl Gerhardt, who works in Pratt & Whitney's machine shops, has made
       a statue in clay, and would I be so kind as to come and look at it, and
       tell him if there is any promise in it? He has none to go to, and he
       would be so glad.
       "O, dear me," I said, "I don't know anything about art--there's nothing I
       could tell him."
       But she went on, just as earnestly and as simply as before, with her
       plea--and so she did after repeated rebuffs; and dull as I am, even I
       began by and by to admire this brave and gentle persistence, and to
       perceive how her heart of hearts was in this thing, and how she couldn't
       give it up, but must carry her point. So at last I wavered, and promised
       in general terms that I would come down the first day that fell idle--and
       as I conducted her to the door, I tamed more and more, and said I would
       come during the very next week--"We shall be so glad--but--but, would you
       please come early in the week?--the statue is just finished and we are so
       anxious--and--and--we did hope you could come this week--and"--well, I
       came down another peg, and said I would come Monday, as sure as death;
       and before I got to the dining room remorse was doing its work and I was
       saying to myself, "Damnation, how can a man be such a hound? why didn't I
       go with her now?" Yes, and how mean I should have felt if I had known
       that out of her poverty she had hired a hack and brought it along to
       convey me. But luckily for what was left of my peace of mind, I didn't
       know that.
       Well, it appears that from here she went to Charley Warner's. There was
       a better light, there, and the eloquence of her face had a better chance
       to do its office. Warner fought, as I had done; and he was in the midst
       of an article and very busy; but no matter, she won him completely. He
       laid aside his MS and said, "Come, let us go and see your father's
       statue. That is--is he your father?" "No, he is my husband." So this
       child was married, you see.
       This was a Saturday. Next day Warner came to dinner and said "Go!--go
       tomorrow--don't fail." He was in love with the girl, and with her
       husband too, and said he believed there was merit in the statue. Pretty
       crude work, maybe, but merit in it.
       Patrick and I hunted up the place, next day; the girl saw us driving up,
       and flew down the stairs and received me. Her quarters were the second
       story of a little wooden house--another family on the ground floor. The
       husband was at the machine shop, the wife kept no servant, she was there
       alone. She had a little parlor, with a chair or two and a sofa; and the
       artist-husband's hand was visible in a couple of plaster busts, one of
       the wife, and another of a neighbor's child; visible also in a couple of
       water colors of flowers and birds; an ambitious unfinished portrait of
       his wife in oils: some paint decorations on the pine mantel; and an
       excellent human ear, done in some plastic material at 16.
       Then we went into the kitchen, and the girl flew around, with enthusiasm,
       and snatched rag after rag from a tall something in the corner, and
       presently there stood the clay statue, life size--a graceful girlish
       creature, nude to the waist, and holding up a single garment with one
       hand the expression attempted being a modified scare--she was interrupted
       when about to enter the bath.
       Then this young wife posed herself alongside the image and so remained
       --a thing I didn't understand. But presently I did--then I said:
       "O, it's you!"
       "Yes," she said, "I was the model. He has no model but me. I have stood
       for this many and many an hour--and you can't think how it does tire one!
       But I don't mind it. He works all day at the shop; and then, nights and
       Sundays he works on his statue as long as I can keep up."
       She got a big chisel, to use as a lever, and between us we managed to
       twist the pedestal round and round, so as to afford a view of the statue
       from all points. Well, sir, it was perfectly charming, this girl's
       innocence and purity---exhibiting her naked self, as it were, to a
       stranger and alone, and never once dreaming that there was the slightest
       indelicacy about the matter. And so there wasn't; but it will be many
       along day before I run across another woman who can do the like and show
       no trace of self-consciousness.
       Well, then we sat down, and I took a smoke, and she told me all about her
       people in Massachusetts--her father is a physician and it is an old and
       respectable family--(I am able to believe anything she says.) And she
       told me how "Karl" is 26 years old; and how he has had passionate
       longings all his life toward art, but has always been poor and obliged to
       struggle for his daily bread; and how he felt sure that if he could only
       have one or two lessons in--
       "Lessons? Hasn't he had any lessons?"
       No. He had never had a lesson.
       And presently it was dinner time and "Karl" arrived--a slender young
       fellow with a marvelous head and a noble eye--and he was as simple and
       natural, and as beautiful in spirit as his wife was. But she had to do
       the talking--mainly--there was too much thought behind his cavernous eyes
       for glib speech.
       I went home enchanted. Told Livy and Clara Spaulding all about the
       paradise down yonder where those two enthusiasts are happy with a yearly
       expense of $350. Livy and Clara went there next day and came away
       enchanted. A few nights later the Gerhardts kept their promise and came
       here for the evening. It was billiard night and I had company and so was
       not down; but Livy and Clara became more charmed with these children than
       ever.
       Warner and I planned to get somebody to criticise the statue whose
       judgment would be worth something. So I laid for Champney, and after two
       failures I captured him and took him around, and he said "this statue is
       full of faults--but it has merits enough in it to make up for them"--
       whereat the young wife danced around as delighted as a child. When we
       came away, Champney said, "I did not want to say too much there, but the
       truth is, it seems to me an extraordinary performance for an untrained
       hand. You ask if there is promise enough there to justify the Hartford
       folk in going to an expense of training this young man. I should say,
       yes, decidedly; but still, to make everything safe, you had better get
       the judgment of a sculptor."
       Warner was in New York. I wrote him, and he said he would fetch up Ward
       --which he did. Yesterday they went to the Gerhardts and spent two
       hours, and Ward came away bewitched with those people and marveling at
       the winning innocence of the young wife, who dropped naturally into
       model-attitude beside the statue (which is stark naked from head to heel,
       now--G. had removed the drapery, fearing Ward would think he was afraid
       to try legs and hips) just as she has always done before.
       Livy and I had two long talks with Ward yesterday evening. He spoke
       strongly. He said, "if any stranger had told me that this apprentice did
       not model that thing from plaster casts, I would not have believed it."
       He said "it is full of crudities, but it is full of genius, too. It is
       such a statue as the man of average talent would achieve after two years
       training in the schools. And the boldness of the fellow, in going
       straight to nature! He is an apprentice--his work shows that, all over;
       but the stuff is in him, sure. Hartford must send him to Paris--two
       years; then if the promise holds good, keep him there three more--and
       warn him to study, study, work, work, and keep his name out of the
       papers, and neither ask for orders nor accept them when offered."
       Well, you see, that's all we wanted. After Ward was gone Livy came out
       with the thing that was in her mind. She said, "Go privately and start
       the Gerhardts off to Paris, and say nothing about it to any one else."
       So I tramped down this morning in the snow-storm--and there was a
       stirring time. They will sail a week or ten days from now.
       As I was starting out at the front door, with Gerhardt beside me and the
       young wife dancing and jubilating behind, this latter cried out
       impulsively, "Tell Mrs. Clemens I want to hug her--I want to hug you
       both!"
       I gave them my old French book and they were going to tackle the
       language, straight off.
       Now this letter is a secret--keep it quiet--I don't think Livy would mind
       my telling you these things, but then she might, you know, for she is a
       queer girl.
       Yrs ever,
       MARK.
       Champney was J. Wells Champney, a portrait-painter of distinction;
       Ward was the sculptor, J. Q. A. Ward.
       The Gerhardts were presently off to Paris, well provided with means
       to make their dreams reality; in due time the letters will report
       them again.
       The Uncle Remus tales of Joel Chandler Harris gave Mark Twain great
       pleasure. He frequently read them aloud, not only at home but in
       public. Finally, he wrote Harris, expressing his warm appreciation,
       and mentioning one of the negro stories of his own childhood, "The
       Golden Arm," which he urged Harris to look up and add to his
       collection.
       "You have pinned a proud feather in Uncle-Remus's cap," replied
       Harris. "I do not know what higher honor he could have than to
       appear before the Hartford public arm in arm with Mark Twain."
       He disclaimed any originality for the stories, adding, "I understand
       that my relations toward Uncle Remus are similar to those that exist
       between an almanac maker and the calendar." He had not heard the
       "Golden Arm" story and asked for the outlines; also for some
       publishing advice, out of Mark Twain's long experience.
       To Joel Chandler Harris, in Atlanta:
       ELMIRA, N.Y., Aug. 10.
       MY DEAR MR. HARRIS,--You can argue yourself into the delusion that the
       principle of life is in the stories themselves and not in their setting;
       but you will save labor by stopping with that solitary convert, for he is
       the only intelligent one you will bag. In reality the stories are only
       alligator pears--one merely eats them for the sake of the salad-dressing.
       Uncle Remus is most deftly drawn, and is a lovable and delightful
       creation; he, and the little boy, and their relations with each other,
       are high and fine literature, and worthy to live, for their own sakes;
       and certainly the stories are not to be credited with them. But enough
       of this; I seem to be proving to the man that made the multiplication
       table that twice one are two.
       I have been thinking, yesterday and to-day (plenty of chance to think, as
       I am abed with lumbago at our little summering farm among the solitudes
       of the Mountaintops,) and I have concluded that I can answer one of your
       questions with full confidence--thus: Make it a subscription book.
       Mighty few books that come strictly under the head of literature will
       sell by subscription; but if Uncle Remus won't, the gift of prophecy has
       departed out of me. When a book will sell by subscription, it will sell
       two or three times as many copies as it would in the trade; and the
       profit is bulkier because the retail price is greater.....
       You didn't ask me for a subscription-publisher. If you had, I should
       have recommended Osgood to you. He inaugurates his subscription
       department with my new book in the fall.....
       Now the doctor has been here and tried to interrupt my yarn about "The
       Golden Arm," but I've got through, anyway.
       Of course I tell it in the negro dialect--that is necessary; but I have
       not written it so, for I can't spell it in your matchless way. It is
       marvelous the way you and Cable spell the negro and creole dialects.
       Two grand features are lost in print: the weird wailing, the rising and
       falling cadences of the wind, so easily mimicked with one's mouth; and
       the impressive pauses and eloquent silences, and subdued utterances,
       toward the end of the yarn (which chain the attention of the children
       hand and foot, and they sit with parted lips and breathless, to be
       wrenched limb from limb with the sudden and appalling "You got it").
       Old Uncle Dan'l, a slave of my uncle's' aged 60, used to tell us children
       yarns every night by the kitchen fire (no other light;) and the last yarn
       demanded, every night, was this one. By this time there was but a
       ghastly blaze or two flickering about the back-log. We would huddle
       close about the old man, and begin to shudder with the first familiar
       words; and under the spell of his impressive delivery we always fell a
       prey to that climax at the end when the rigid black shape in the twilight
       sprang at us with a shout.
       When you come to glance at the tale you will recollect it--it is as
       common and familiar as the Tar Baby. Work up the atmosphere with your
       customary skill and it will "go" in print.
       Lumbago seems to make a body garrulous--but you'll forgive it.
       Truly yours
       S. L. CLEMENS
       The "Golden Arm" story was one that Clemens often used in his public
       readings, and was very effective as he gave it.
       In his sketch, "How to Tell a Story," it appears about as he used to
       tell it. Harris, receiving the outlines of the old Missouri tale,
       presently announced that he had dug up its Georgia relative, an
       interesting variant, as we gather from Mark Twain's reply.
       To Joel Chandler Harris, in Atlanta:
       HARTFORD, '81.
       MY DEAR MR. HARRIS,--I was very sure you would run across that Story
       somewhere, and am glad you have. A Drummond light--no, I mean a Brush
       light--is thrown upon the negro estimate of values by his willingness to
       risk his soul and his mighty peace forever for the sake of a silver
       sev'm-punce. And this form of the story seems rather nearer the true
       field-hand standard than that achieved by my Florida, Mo., negroes with
       their sumptuous arm of solid gold.
       I judge you haven't received my new book yet--however, you will in a day
       or two. Meantime you must not take it ill if I drop Osgood a hint about
       your proposed story of slave life.....
       When you come north I wish you would drop me a line and then follow it in
       person and give me a day or two at our house in Hartford. If you will,
       I will snatch Osgood down from Boston, and you won't have to go there at
       all unless you want to. Please to bear this strictly in mind, and don't
       forget it.
       Sincerely yours
       S. L. CLEMENS.
       Charles Warren Stoddard, to whom the next letter is written, was one
       of the old California literary crowd, a graceful writer of verse and
       prose, never quite arriving at the success believed by his friends
       to be his due. He was a gentle, irresponsible soul, well loved by
       all who knew him, and always, by one or another, provided against
       want. The reader may remember that during Mark Twain's great
       lecture engagement in London, winter of 1873-74, Stoddard lived with
       him, acting as his secretary. At a later period in his life he
       lived for several years with the great telephone magnate, Theodore
       N. Vail. At the time of this letter, Stoddard had decided that in
       the warm light and comfort of the Sandwich Islands he could survive
       on his literary earnings.
       To Charles Warren Stoddard, in the Sandwich Islands:
       HARTFORD, Oct. 26 '81.
       MY DEAR CHARLIE,--Now what have I ever done to you that you should not
       only slide off to Heaven before you have earned a right to go, but must
       add the gratuitous villainy of informing me of it?.....
       The house is full of carpenters and decorators; whereas, what we really
       need here, is an incendiary. If the house would only burn down, we would
       pack up the cubs and fly to the isles of the blest, and shut ourselves up
       in the healing solitudes of the crater of Haleakala and get a good rest;
       for the mails do not intrude there, nor yet the telephone and the
       telegraph. And after resting, we would come down the mountain a piece
       and board with a godly, breech-clouted native, and eat poi and dirt and
       give thanks to whom all thanks belong, for these privileges, and never
       house-keep any more.
       I think my wife would be twice as strong as she is, but for this wearing
       and wearying slavery of house-keeping. However, she thinks she must
       submit to it for the sake of the children; whereas, I have always had a
       tenderness for parents too, so, for her sake and mine, I sigh for the
       incendiary. When the evening comes and the gas is lit and the wear and
       tear of life ceases, we want to keep house always; but next morning we
       wish, once more, that we were free and irresponsible boarders.
       Work?--one can't you know, to any purpose. I don't really get anything
       done worth speaking of, except during the three or four months that we
       are away in the Summer. I wish the Summer were seven years long. I keep
       three or four books on the stocks all the time, but I seldom add a
       satisfactory chapter to one of them at home. Yes, and it is all because
       my time is taken up with answering the letters of strangers. It can't be
       done through a short hand amanuensis--I've tried that--it wouldn't work
       --I couldn't learn to dictate. What does possess strangers to write so
       many letters? I never could find that out. However, I suppose I did it
       myself when I was a stranger. But I will never do it again.
       Maybe you think I am not happy? the very thing that gravels me is that I
       am. I don't want to be happy when I can't work; I am resolved that
       hereafter I won't be. What I have always longed for, was the privilege
       of living forever away up on one of those mountains in the Sandwich
       Islands overlooking the sea.
       Yours ever
       MARK.
       That magazine article of yours was mighty good: up to your very best I
       think. I enclose a book review written by Howells.
       To W. D. Howells, in Boston:
       HARTFORD, Oct. 26 '81.
       MY DEAR HOWELLS,--I am delighted with your review, and so is Mrs.
       Clemens. What you have said, there, will convince anybody that reads it;
       a body cannot help being convinced by it. That is the kind of a review
       to have; the doubtful man; even the prejudiced man, is persuaded and
       succumbs.
       What a queer blunder that was, about the baronet. I can't quite see how
       I ever made it. There was an opulent abundance of things I didn't know;
       and consequently no need to trench upon the vest-pocketful of things I
       did know, to get material for a blunder.
       Charley Warren Stoddard has gone to the Sandwich Islands permanently.
       Lucky devil. It is the only supremely delightful place on earth. It
       does seem that the more advantage a body doesn't earn, here, the more of
       them God throws at his head. This fellow's postal card has set the
       vision of those gracious islands before my mind, again, with not a leaf
       withered, nor a rainbow vanished, nor a sun-flash missing from the waves,
       and now it will be months, I reckon, before I can drive it away again.
       It is beautiful company, but it makes one restless and dissatisfied.
       With love and thanks,
       Yrs ever,
       MARK.
       The review mentioned in this letter was of The Prince and the
       Pauper. What the queer" blunder" about the baronet was, the present
       writer confesses he does not know; but perhaps a careful reader
       could find it, at least in the early edition; very likely it was
       corrected without loss of time.
       Clemens now and then found it necessary to pay a visit to Canada in
       the effort to protect his copyright. He usually had a grand time on
       these trips, being lavishly entertained by the Canadian literary
       fraternity. In November, 1881, he made one of these journeys in the
       interest of The Prince and the Pauper, this time with Osgood, who
       was now his publisher. In letters written home we get a hint of his
       diversions. The Monsieur Frechette mentioned was a Canadian poet of
       considerable distinction. "Clara" was Miss Clara Spaulding, of
       Elmira, who had accompanied Mr. and Mrs. Clemens to Europe in 1873,
       and again in 1878. Later she became Mrs. John B. Staachfield, of
       New York City. Her name has already appeared in these letters many
       times.
       To Mrs. Clemens, in Hartford:
       MONTREAL, Nov. 28 '81.
       Livy darling, you and Clara ought to have been at breakfast in the great
       dining room this morning. English female faces, distinctive English
       costumes, strange and marvelous English gaits--and yet such honest,
       honorable, clean-souled countenances, just as these English women almost
       always have, you know. Right away--
       But they've come to take me to the top of Mount Royal, it being a cold,
       dry, sunny, magnificent day. Going in a sleigh.
       Yours lovingly,
       SAML.
       To Mrs. Clemens, in Hartford:
       MONTREAL, Sunday, November 27, 1881.
       Livy dear, a mouse kept me awake last night till 3 or 4 o'clock--so I am
       lying abed this morning. I would not give sixpence to be out yonder in
       the storm, although it is only snow.
       [The above paragraph is written in the form of a rebus illustrated with
       various sketches.]
       There--that's for the children--was not sure that they could read
       writing; especially jean, who is strangely ignorant in some things.
       I can not only look out upon the beautiful snow-storm, past the vigorous
       blaze of my fire; and upon the snow-veiled buildings which I have
       sketched; and upon the churchward drifting umbrellas; and upon the
       buffalo-clad cabmen stamping their feet and thrashing their arms on the
       corner yonder: but I also look out upon the spot where the first white
       men stood, in the neighborhood of four hundred years ago, admiring the
       mighty stretch of leafy solitudes, and being admired and marveled at by
       an eager multitude of naked savages. The discoverer of this region, and
       namer of it, Jacques Cartier, has a square named for him in the city. I
       wish you were here; you would enjoy your birthday, I think.
       I hoped for a letter, and thought I had one when the mail was handed in,
       a minute ago, but it was only that note from Sylvester Baxter. You must
       write--do you hear?--or I will be remiss myself.
       Give my love and a kiss to the children, and ask them to give you my love
       and a kiss from
       SAML.
       To Mrs. Clemens, in Hartford:
       QUEBEC, Sunday. '81.
       Livy darling, I received a letter from Monsieur Frechette this morning,
       in which certain citizens of Montreal tendered me a public dinner next
       Thursday, and by Osgood's advice I accepted it. I would have accepted
       anyway, and very cheerfully but for the delay of two days--for I was
       purposing to go to Boston Tuesday and home Wednesday; whereas, now I go
       to Boston Friday and home Saturday. I have to go by Boston on account of
       business.
       We drove about the steep hills and narrow, crooked streets of this old
       town during three hours, yesterday, in a sleigh, in a driving snow-storm.
       The people here don't mind snow; they were all out, plodding around on
       their affairs--especially the children, who were wallowing around
       everywhere, like snow images, and having a mighty good time. I wish I
       could describe the winter costume of the young girls, but I can't. It is
       grave and simple, but graceful and pretty--the top of it is a brimless
       fur cap. Maybe it is the costume that makes pretty girls seem so
       monotonously plenty here. It was a kind of relief to strike a homely
       face occasionally.
       You descend into some of the streets by long, deep stairways; and in the
       strong moonlight, last night, these were very picturesque. I did wish
       you were here to see these things. You couldn't by any possibility sleep
       in these beds, though, or enjoy the food.
       Good night, sweetheart, and give my respects to the cubs.
       SAML.
       It had been hoped that W. D. Howells would join the Canadian
       excursion, but Howells was not very well that autumn. He wrote that
       he had been in bed five weeks, "most of the time recovering; so you
       see how bad I must have been to begin with. But now I am out of any
       first-class pain; I have a good appetite, and I am as abusive and
       peremptory as Guiteau." Clemens, returning to Hartford, wrote him a
       letter that explains itself.
       To W. D. Howells, in Boston:
       HARTFORD, Dec. 16 '81.
       MY DEAR HOWELLS,--It was a sharp disappointment--your inability to
       connect, on the Canadian raid. What a gaudy good time we should have
       had!
       Disappointed, again, when I got back to Boston; for I was promising
       myself half an hour's look at you, in Belmont; but your note to Osgood
       showed that that could not be allowed out yet.
       The Atlantic arrived an hour ago, and your faultless and delicious Police
       Report brought that blamed Joe Twichell powerfully before me. There's a
       man who can tell such things himself (by word of mouth,) and has as sure
       an eye for detecting a thing that is before his eyes, as any man in the
       world, perhaps--then why in the nation doesn't he report himself with a
       pen?
       One of those drenching days last week, he slopped down town with his
       cubs, and visited a poor little beggarly shed where were a dwarf, a fat
       woman, and a giant of honest eight feet, on exhibition behind tawdry
       show-canvases, but with nobody to exhibit to. The giant had a broom, and
       was cleaning up and fixing around, diligently. Joe conceived the idea of
       getting some talk out of him. Now that never would have occurred to me.
       So he dropped in under the man's elbow, dogged him patiently around,
       prodding him with questions and getting irritated snarls in return which
       would have finished me early--but at last one of Joe's random shafts
       drove the centre of that giant's sympathies somehow, and fetched him.
       The fountains of his great deep were broken up, and he rained a flood of
       personal history that was unspeakably entertaining.
       Among other things it turned out that he had been a Turkish (native)
       colonel, and had fought all through the Crimean war--and so, for the
       first time, Joe got a picture of the Charge of the Six Hundred that made
       him see the living spectacle, the flash of flag and tongue-flame, the
       rolling smoke, and hear the booming of the guns; and for the first time
       also, he heard the reasons for that wild charge delivered from the mouth
       of a master, and realized that nobody had "blundered," but that a cold,
       logical, military brain had perceived this one and sole way to win an
       already lost battle, and so gave the command and did achieve the victory.
       And mind you Joe was able to come up here, days afterwards, and reproduce
       that giant's picturesque and admirable history. But dern him, he can't
       write it--which is all wrong, and not as it should be.
       And he has gone and raked up the MS autobiography (written in 1848,) of
       Mrs. Phebe Brown, (author of "I Love to Steal a While Away,") who
       educated Yung Wing in her family when he was a little boy; and I came
       near not getting to bed at all, last night, on account of the lurid
       fascinations of it. Why in the nation it has never got into print, I
       can't understand.
       But, by jings! the postman will be here in a minute; so, congratulations
       upon your mending health, and gratitude that it is mending; and love to
       you all.
       Yrs Ever
       MARK.
       Don't answer--I spare the sick. _
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FOREWORD
MARK TWAIN--A BIOGRAPHICAL SUMMARY
VOLUME I - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1835[1853]-1866
   VOLUME I - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1835[1853]-1866 - CHAPTER I - EARLY LETTERS, 1853. NEW YORK AND PHILADELPHIA
   VOLUME I - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1835[1853]-1866 - CHAPTER II - LETTERS 1856-61. KEOKUK, AND THE RIVER. END OF PILOTING
   VOLUME I - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1835[1853]-1866 - CHAPTER III - LETTERS 1861-62. ON THE FRONTIER. MINING ADVENTURES. JOURNALISTIC BEGINNINGS
   VOLUME I - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1835[1853]-1866 - CHAPTER IV - LETTERS 1863-64. "MARK TWAIN." COMSTOCK JOURNALISM. ARTEMUS WARD
   VOLUME I - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1835[1853]-1866 - CHAPTER V - LETTERS 1864-66. SAN FRANCISCO AND HAWAII
   VOLUME I - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1835[1853]-1866 - CHAPTER VI - LETTERS 1866-67. THE LECTURER. SUCCESS ON THE COAST. IN NEW YORK.THE GREAT OCEAN EXCURSION
VOLUME II - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1867-1875
   VOLUME II - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1867-1875 - CHAPTER VIIa - To Bret Harte
   VOLUME II - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1867-1875 - CHAPTER VIIb - LETTERS 1867. THE TRAVELER. THE VOYAGE OF THE "QUAKER CITY"
   VOLUME II - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1867-1875 - CHAPTER VIII - LETTERS 1867-68. WASHINGTON AND SAN FRANCISCO. THE PROPOSED BOOK OF TRAVEL. A NEW LECTURE
   VOLUME II - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1867-1875 - CHAPTER IX - LETTERS 1868-70. COURTSHIP, AND "THE INNOCENTS ABROAD"
   VOLUME II - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1867-1875 - CHAPTER X - LETTERS 1870-71. MARK TWAIN IN BUFFALO. MARRIAGE. THE BUFFALO EXPRESS. "MEMORANDA."
   VOLUME II - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1867-1875 - CHAPTER XI - LETTERS 1871-72. REMOVAL TO HARTFORD. A LECTURE TOUR. "ROUGHING IT." FIRST LETTER TO HOWELLS
   VOLUME II - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1867-1875 - CHAPTER XII - LETTERS 1872-73. MARK TWAIN IN ENGLAND. LONDON HONORS. ACQUAINTANCE WITH DR. JOHN BROWN. A LECTURE TRIUMPH. "THE GILDED AGE"
   VOLUME II - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1867-1875 - CHAPTER XIII - LETTERS 1874. HARTFORD AND ELMIRA. A NEW STUDY. BEGINNING "TOM SAWYER." THE SELLERS PLAY.
   VOLUME II - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1867-1875 - CHAPTER XIV - LETTERS 1874. MISSISSIPPI CHAPTERS. VISITS TO BOSTON. A JOKE ON ALDRICH
   VOLUME II - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1867-1875 - CHAPTER XV - LETTERS FROM HARTFORD, 1875. MUCH CORRESPONDENCE WITH HOWELLS
VOLUME III - TWAIN'S LETTERS 1876-1885
   VOLUME III - TWAIN'S LETTERS 1876-1885 - CHAPTER XVI - LETTERS, 1876, CHIEFLY TO W. D. HOWELLS. LITERATURE AND POLITICS. PLANNING A PLAY WITH BRET HARTE
   VOLUME III - TWAIN'S LETTERS 1876-1885 - CHAPTER XVII - LETTERS, 1877. TO BERMUDA WITH TWICHELL. PROPOSITION TO TH. NAST. THE WHITTIER DINNER
   VOLUME III - TWAIN'S LETTERS 1876-1885 - CHAPTER XVIII - LETTERS FROM EUROPE, 1878-79. TRAMPING WITH TWICHELL. WRITING A NEW TRAVEL BOOK. LIFE IN MUNICH
   VOLUME III - TWAIN'S LETTERS 1876-1885 - CHAPTER XIX - LETTERS 1879. RETURN TO AMERICA. THE GREAT GRANT REUNION
   VOLUME III - TWAIN'S LETTERS 1876-1885 - CHAPTER XX - LETTERS OF 1880, CHIEFLY TO HOWELLS. "THE PRINCE AND THE PAUPER." MARK TWAIN MUGWUMP SOCIETY
   VOLUME III - TWAIN'S LETTERS 1876-1885 - CHAPTER XXI - LETTERS 1881, TO HOWELLS AND OTHERS. LITERARY PLANS ASSISTING A YOUNG SCULPTOR. LITERARY PLANS
   VOLUME III - TWAIN'S LETTERS 1876-1885 - CHAPTER XXII - LETTERS, 1882, MAINLY TO HOWELLS. WASTED FURY. OLD SCENES REVISITED. THE MISSISSIPPI BOOK
   VOLUME III - TWAIN'S LETTERS 1876-1885 - CHAPTER XXIII - LETTERS, 1883, TO HOWELLS AND OTHERS. A GUEST OF THE MARQUIS OF LORNE. THE HISTORY GAME. A PLAY BY HOWELLS AND MARK TWAIN
   VOLUME III - TWAIN'S LETTERS 1876-1885 - CHAPTER XXIV - LETTERS, 1884, TO HOWELLS AND OTHERS. CABLE'S GREAT APRIL FOOL. "HUCK FINN" IN PRESS. MARK TWAIN FOR CLEVELAND. CLEMENS AND CABLE
   VOLUME III - TWAIN'S LETTERS 1876-1885 - CHAPTER XXV - THE GREAT YEAR OF 1885. CLEMENS AND CABLE. PUBLICATION OF "HUCK FINN." THE GRANT MEMOIRS. MARK TWAIN AT FIFTY
VOLUME IV - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1886-1900
   VOLUME IV - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1886-1900 - CHAPTER XXVI - LETTERS, 1886-87. JANE CLEMENS'S ROMANCE. UNMAILED LETTERS, ETC.
   VOLUME IV - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1886-1900 - CHAPTER XXVII - MISCELLANEOUS LETTERS OF 1887. LITERARY ARTICLES. PEACEFUL DAYS AT THE FARM. FAVORITE READING. APOLOGY TO MRS. CLEVELAND, ETC.
   VOLUME IV - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1886-1900 - CHAPTER XXVIII - LETTERS,1888. A YALE DEGREE. WORK ON "THE YANKEE." ON INTERVIEWING, ETC.
   VOLUME IV - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1886-1900 - CHAPTER XXIX - LETTERS, 1889. THE MACHINE. DEATH OF MR. CRANE. CONCLUSION OF THE YANKEE
   VOLUME IV - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1886-1900 - CHAPTER XXX - LETTERS, 1890, CHIEFLY TO JOS. T. GOODMAN. THE GREAT MACHINE ENTERPRISE
   VOLUME IV - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1886-1900 - CHAPTER XXXI - LETTERS, 1891, TO HOWELLS, MRS. CLEMENS AND OTHERS. RETURN TO LITERATURE. AMERICAN CLAIMANT. LEAVING HARTFORD.EUROPE. DOWN THE RHINE
   VOLUME IV - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1886-1900 - CHAPTER XXXII - LETTERS, 1892, CHIEFLY TO MR. HALL AND MRS. CRANE. IN BERLIN, MENTONE, BAD-NAUHEIM, FLORENCE
   VOLUME IV - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1886-1900 - CHAPTER XXXIII - LETTERS, 1893, TO MR. HALL, MRS. CLEMENS, AND OTHERS. FLORENCE. BUSINESS TROUBLES. "PUDD'NHEAD WILSON." "JOAN OF ARC." AT THE PLAYERS, NEW YORK
   VOLUME IV - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1886-1900 - CHAPTER XXXIV - LETTERS 1894. A WINTER IN NEW YORK. BUSINESS FAILURE. END OF THE MACHINE
   VOLUME IV - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1886-1900 - CHAPTER XXXV - LETTERS, 1895-96, TO H. H. ROGERS AND OTHERS. FINISHING "JOAN OF ARC." THE TRIP AROUND THE WORLD. DEATH OF SUSY CLEMENS
   VOLUME IV - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1886-1900 - CHAPTER XXXVI - LETTERS 1897. LONDON, SWITZERLAND, VIENNA
   VOLUME IV - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1886-1900 - CHAPTER XXXVII - LETTERS, 1898, TO HOWELLS AND TWICHELL. LIFE IN VIENNA. PAYMENT OF THE DEBTS. ASSASSINATION OF THE EMPRESS
   VOLUME IV - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1886-1900 - CHAPTER XXXVIII - LETTERS, 1899, TO HOWELLS AND OTHERS. VIENNA. LONDON. A SUMMER IN SWEDEN
   VOLUME IV - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1886-1900 - CHAPTER XXXIX - LETTERS OF 1900, MAINLY TO TWICHELL. THE BOER WAR. BOXER TROUBLES. THE RETURN TO AMERICA
VOLUME V - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1901-1906
   VOLUME V - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1901-1906 - CHAPTER XL - LETTERS OF 1901, CHIEFLY TO TWICHELL. MARK TWAIN AS A REFORMER. SUMMER AT SARANAC. ASSASSINATION OF PRESIDENT McKINLEY
   VOLUME V - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1901-1906 - CHAPTER XLI - LETTERS OF 1902. RIVERDALE. YORK HARBOR. ILLNESS OF MRS. CLEMENS
   VOLUME V - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1901-1906 - CHAPTER XLII - LETTERS OF 1903. TO VARIOUS PERSONS. HARD DAYS AT RIVERDALE. LAST SUMMER AT ELMIRA. THE RETURN TO ITALY
   VOLUME V - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1901-1906 - CHAPTER XLIII - LETTERS OF 1904. TO VARIOUS PERSONS. LIFE IN VILLA QUARTO. DEATH OF MRS. CLEMENS. THE RETURN TO AMERICA
   VOLUME V - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1901-1906 - CHAPTER XLIV - LETTERS OF 1905. TO TWICHELL, MR. DUNEKA AND OTHERS. POLITICS AND HUMANITY. A SUMMER A SUMMER AT DUBLIN. MARK TWAIN AT 70
   VOLUME V - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1901-1906 - CHAPTER XLV - LETTERS, 1906, TO VARIOUS PERSONS. THE FAREWELL LECTURE. A SECOND SUMMER IN DUBLIN. BILLIARDS AND COPYRIGHT
VOLUME VI - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1907-1910
   VOLUME VI - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1907-1910 - CHAPTER XLVI - LETTERS 1907-08. A DEGREE FROM OXFORD. THE NEW HOME AT REDDING
   VOLUME VI - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1907-1910 - CHAPTER XLVII - LETTERS, 1909. TO HOWELLS AND OTHERS. LIFE AT STORMFIELD. COPYRIGHT EXTENSION. DEATH OF JEAN CLEMENS
   VOLUME VI - MARK TWAIN'S LETTERS 1907-1910 - CHAPTER XLVIII - LETTERS OF 1910. LAST TRIP TO BERMUDA. LETTERS TO PAINE. THE LAST LETTER