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Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius
BOOK I   BOOK I - CHAPTER XXXII
Niccolo Machiavelli
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       BOOK I - CHAPTER XXXII
       CHAPTER XXXII - That a Prince or Commonwealth should not delay conferring Benefits until they are themselves in difficulties.
       The Romans found it for their advantage to be generous to the commons at a season of danger, when Porsenna came to attack Rome and restore the Tarquins. For the senate, apprehending that the people might choose rather to take back their kings than to support a war, secured their adherence by relieving them of the duty on salt and of all their other burthens; saying that "the poor did enough for the common welfare in rearing their offspring." In return for which indulgence the commons were content to undergo war, siege, and famine. Let no one however, relying on this example, delay conciliating the people till danger has actually come; or, if he do, let him not hope to have the same good fortune as the Romans. For the mass of the people will consider that they have to thank not him, but his enemies, and that there is ground to fear that when the danger has passed away, he will take back what he gave under compulsion, and, therefore, that to him they lie under no obligation. And the reason why the course followed by the Romans succeeded, was that the State was still new and unsettled. Besides which, the people knew that laws had already been passed in their favour, as, for instance, the law allowing an appeal to the tribunes, and could therefore persuade themselves that the benefits granted them proceeded from the good-will entertained towards them by the senate, and were not due merely to the approach of an enemy. Moreover, the memory of their kings, by whom they had in many ways been wronged and ill-treated, was still fresh in their minds. But since like conditions seldom recur, it can only rarely happen that like remedies are useful. Wherefore, all, whether princes or republics, who hold the reins of government, ought to think beforehand of the adverse times which may await them, and of what help they may then stand in need; and ought so to live with their people as they would think right were they suffering under any calamity. And, whosoever, whether prince or republic, but prince more especially, behaves otherwise, and believes that after the event and when danger is upon him he will be able to win men over by benefits, deceives himself, and will not merely fail to maintain his place, but will even precipitate his downfall. _
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BOOK I
   BOOK I - PREFACE
   BOOK I - CHAPTER I
   BOOK I - CHAPTER II
   BOOK I - CHAPTER III
   BOOK I - CHAPTER IV
   BOOK I - CHAPTER V
   BOOK I - CHAPTER VI
   BOOK I - CHAPTER VII
   BOOK I - CHAPTER VIII
   BOOK I - CHAPTER IX
   BOOK I - CHAPTER X
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XI
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XII
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XIII
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XIV
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XV
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XVI
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XVII
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XVIII
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XIX
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XX
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XXI
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XXII
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XXIII
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XXIV
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XXV
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XXVI
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XXVII
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XXVIII
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XXIX
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XXX
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XXXI
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XXXII
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XXXIII
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XXXIV
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XXXV
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XXXVI
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XXXVII
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XXXVIII
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XXXIX
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XL
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XLI
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XLII
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XLIII
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XLIV
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XLV
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XLVI
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XLVII
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XLVIII
   BOOK I - CHAPTER XLIX
   BOOK I - CHAPTER L
   BOOK I - CHAPTER LI
   BOOK I - CHAPTER LII
   BOOK I - CHAPTER LIII
   BOOK I - CHAPTER LIV
   BOOK I - CHAPTER LV
   BOOK I - CHAPTER LVI
   BOOK I - CHAPTER LVII
   BOOK I - CHAPTER LVIII
   BOOK I - CHAPTER LIX
   BOOK I - CHAPTER LX
BOOK II
   BOOK II - PREFACE
   BOOK II - CHAPTER I
   BOOK II - CHAPTER II
   BOOK II - CHAPTER III
   BOOK II - CHAPTER IV
   BOOK II - CHAPTER V
   BOOK II - CHAPTER VI
   BOOK II - CHAPTER VII
   BOOK II - CHAPTER VIII
   BOOK II - CHAPTER IX
   BOOK II - CHAPTER X
   BOOK II - CHAPTER XI
   BOOK II - CHAPTER XII
   BOOK II - CHAPTER XIII
   BOOK II - CHAPTER XIV
   BOOK II - CHAPTER XV
   BOOK II - CHAPTER XVI
   BOOK II - CHAPTER XVII
   BOOK II - CHAPTER XVIII
   BOOK II - CHAPTER XIX
   BOOK II - CHAPTER XX
   BOOK II - CHAPTER XXI
   BOOK II - CHAPTER XXII
   BOOK II - CHAPTER XXIII
   BOOK II - CHAPTER XXIV
   BOOK II - CHAPTER XXV
   BOOK II - CHAPTER XXVI
   BOOK II - CHAPTER XXVII
   BOOK II - CHAPTER XXVIII
   BOOK II - CHAPTER XXIX
   BOOK II - CHAPTER XXX
   BOOK II - CHAPTER XXXI
   BOOK II - CHAPTER XXXII
   BOOK II - CHAPTER XXXIII
BOOK III
   BOOK III - CHAPTER I
   BOOK III - CHAPTER II
   BOOK III - CHAPTER III
   BOOK III - CHAPTER IV
   BOOK III - CHAPTER V
   BOOK III - CHAPTER VI
   BOOK III - CHAPTER VII
   BOOK III - CHAPTER VIII
   BOOK III - CHAPTER IX
   BOOK III - CHAPTER X
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XI
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XII
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XIII
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XIV
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XV
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XVI
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XVII
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XVIII
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XIX
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XX
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XXI
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XXII
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XXIII
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XXIV
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XXV
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XXVI
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XXVII
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XXVIII
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XXIX
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XXX
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XXXI
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XXXII
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XXXIII
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XXXIV
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XXXV
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XXXVI
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XXXVII
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XXXVIII
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XXXIX
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XL
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XLI
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XLII
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XLIII
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XLIV
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XLV
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XLVI
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XLVII
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XLVIII
   BOOK III - CHAPTER XLIX