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History Of Friedrich II of Prussia 【Books XV - XXI】
Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - __Theseus And The Minotaur Over Again,--That Is To Say, Friedrich At Hand-Grips With Fermor And His Russians (25th August, 1758)
Thomas Carlyle
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       _ BOOK XVIII. SEVEN-YEARS WAR RISES TO A HEIGHT.--1757-1759
       (Chapter XIII cont.)
       __THESEUS AND THE MINOTAUR OVER AGAIN,--THAT IS TO SAY, FRIEDRICH AT HAND-GRIPS WITH FERMOR AND HIS RUSSIANS (25TH AUGUST, 1758)
       Artless Fermor draws out to the open ground, north of Zorndorf, south of Quartschen; arranges himself in huge quadrilateral mass, with his "staff-baggage" (lighter baggage) in the centre, and his front, so to speak, everywhere. [Excellent Plan of him, or rather Plans, in his successive shapes, in Tielcke, ii. (PLATES 4, 5, 6, 7, 8).] Mass, say two miles long by one mile broad; but it is by no means regular, and has many zigzags according to the ground, and narrows and droops southward on the eastern end: one of the most artless arrangements; but known to Fermor, and the readiest on this pinch of time. Munnich devised this quadrilateral mode; and found it good against the Turks, and their deluges of raging horse and foot: Fermor could perhaps do better; but there is such a press of hurry. Fermor's western flank, or biggest breadth of quadrilateral, leans on that Zabern Hollow, with its fine quagmires; his eastern, narrowest part, droops down on certain mud-pools and conveniences towards Zicher. Gallows Hollow, a slighter than the Zabern, runs through the centre of him; and with his best people he fronts towards the Mutzel Bridges, especially towards Damm-Mill Bridge whence Friedrich will emerge, sure as the sunrise, one knows not with what issue. Artless Fermor is nothing daunted; nor are his people; but stand patiently under arms, regardless of future and present, to a degree not common in soldiering.
       Friday, August 25th, by half-past three in the morning, Friedrich is across the Mutzel; self and Infantry by Damm-Mutzel Bridge, cavalry by another Bridge (KERSTEN-BRUGGE, means "Christian Bridge," in the dialect of Charlemagne's time, a very old arrangement of Successive Logs up there!) some furlongs higher up. The Bridge at Damm is perhaps some three miles from the nearest Russians about Zicher; but Friedrich has no thought of attacking Fermor there; he has a quite other program laid, and will attack Fermor precisely on the side opposite to there. Friedrich's intention is to sweep quite round this monstrous Russian quadrilateral; to break in upon it on the western flank, and hurl it back upon Mutzel and its quagmires. He has broken his two bridges after passing, all bridges are gone there, and the country is bottomless: surrender at discretion if once you are driven thither! And Friedrich's own retreat, if he fail, is short and open to Custrin. "Admirable," say the Critics, "and altogether in Friedrich's style!"--Friedrich, adds one Critic, was not aware that the Russian Heavy-Baggage Train, which is their powder-flask and bread-basket and staff of life, lies at Klein Kamin, within few miles on his left just now, Russians themselves on his right; that the Russians could have been abolished from those countries without fighting at all! [Retzow, i. 305-329.] This is very true. Friedrich's haste is great, his humor hot; and he has not heard of this Klein-Kamin fact, which in common times he would have done, and of which in a calmer mood he would, with a fine scientific gusto, have taken his advantage.
       Friedrich pours incessant southward; cavalry parallel to infantry and a certain distance beyond it, eastward of it; and they have burnt the Bridges; which is a curious fact! Continually southward, as if for Tamsel:--poor old Tamsel, do readers recollect it at all, does Friedrich at all? No pleasant dinner, or lily-and-rose complexions, there for one to-day!--Some distance short of Tamsel, Friedrich, emerging, turns westward;--intending what on earth? thinks Fermor. Friedrich has been mostly hidden by the woods all this while, and enigmatic to Fermor. Fermor does now at last see the color of the facts;--and that one's chief front must change itself to southward, one's best leg and arm be foremost, or towards Zorndorf, not towards the Mutzel as hitherto. Fermor stirs up his Quadrilateral, makes the required change, "You, best or northern line, step across, and front southward; across to southward, I say; second-best go northward in their stead:" and so, with some other slight polishings, suggested by the ground and phenomena, we anew await this Prussian Enigma with our best leg foremost. The march or circular sweep of these Prussian lines, from Damm Bridge through the woods and champaign to their appointed place of action, is seven or eight miles; lines when halted in battle-order will be two miles long or more.
       Friedrich pours steadily along, horse and foot, by the rear cf Wilkersdorf, of Zorndorf,--Russian Minotaur scrutinizing him in that manner with dull bloodshot eyes, uncertain what he will do. It is eight in the morning, hot August; wind a mere lull, but southernly if any. Small Hussar pickets ride to right of the main Army March; to keep the Cossacks in check: who are roving about, all on wing; and pert enough, in spite of the Hussar pickets, Desperado individuals of them gallop up to the Infantry ranks, and fire off their pistols there,--without reply; reply or firing, till the word come, is strictly forbidden. Infantry pours along, like a ploughman drawing his furrow, heedless of the circling crows. Crows or Cossacks, finding they are not regarded, set fire to Zorndorf, and gallop off. Zorndorf goes up readily, mainly wood and straw; rolls in big clouds of smoke far northward in upon the Russian Minotaur, making him still blinder in the important moments now coming.
       Friedrich rides up to view the Zabern Hollow: "Beyond expectation deep; very boggy too, with its foul leakage or brook: no attacking of their western flank through this Zaberngrund;--attack the corner of them, then; here on the southwest!" That is Friedrich's rapid resource. The lines halt, accordingly; make ready. Behind flaming Zorndorf stands his extreme left, which is to make the attack; infantry in front; horse to rear and farther leftwards,--and under the command of Seidlitz in this quarter, which is an important circumstance. Right wing, reaching to behind Wilkersdorf, is to refuse itself; whole force of centre is to push upon that Russian corner, to support the left in doing it;--according to the Leuthen or LEUCTRA principle, once more. May no mistakes occur in executing it this day!--
       The first division of the Prussian Infantry, or extreme Left, marches forward by the west end of flaming Zorndorf; next division, which should stand close to right of it, or even behind it in action, and follow it close into the Russian fire, has to march by the east end of Zorndorf; this is a farther road, owing to the flames; and not a lucky one. Second division could never get into fair contact with that first division again: that was the mistake: and it might have been fatal, but was not, as we shall see. First division has got clear of Zorndorf, in advancing towards its Russian business;--is striding forward, its left flank safe against the Zaberngrund; steadily by fixed stages, against the fated Russian Corner, which is its point of attack. First division, second division, are clear of Zorndorf, though with a wide gap between them; are steadily striding forward towards the Russian Corner. Two strong batteries, wide apart, have planted themselves ahead; and are playing upon the Russian Quadrilateral, their fires crossing at the due Corner yonder, with terrible effect; Russian artillery, which are multitudinous and all gathered down to this southwestern corner, are responding, though with their fire spread, and far less effectual. The Prussian line steps on, extreme left perhaps in too animated a manner; their cannon batteries enfilade the thick mass of Russians at a frightful rate ("forty-two men of a certain regiment blown away by a single ball," in one instance [Tielcke.]), drive the interior baggage-horses to despair: a very agitated Quadrilateral, under its grim canopy of cannon smoke, and of straw smoke, heaped on it from the Zorndorf side here. Manteuffel, leader of that first or leftmost division, sees the internal simmering; steps forward still more briskly, to firing distance; begins his platoon thunder, with the due steady fury,--had the second division but got up to support Manteuffel! The second division is in fire too; but not close to Manteuffel, where it should be.
       Fermor notices the gap, the wavering of Manteuffel unsupported; plunges out in immense torrent, horse and foot, into the gap, into Manteuffel's flank and front; hurls Manteuffel back, who has no support at hand: "ARAH, ARAH (Hurrah, Hurrah)! Victory, Victory!" shout the Russians, plunging wildly forward, sweeping all before them, capturing twenty-six pieces of cannon, for one item. What a moment for Friedrich; looking on it from some knoll somewhere near Zorndorf, I suppose; hastily bidding Seidlitz strike in: "Seidlitz, now!" The hurrahing Russians cannot keep rank at that rate of going, like a buffalo stampede; but fall into heaps and gaps: Seidlitz, with a swiftness, with a dexterity beyond praise, has picked his way across that quaggy Zabern Hollow; falls, with say 5,000 horse, on the flank of this big buffalo stampede; tumbles it into instant ruin;--which proves irretrievable, as the Prussian Infantry come on again, and back Seidlitz.
       In fifteen minutes more (I guess it now to be ten o'clock), the Russian Minotaur, this end of it, on to the Gallows Ground, is one wild mass. Seldom was there seen such a charge; issuing in such deluges of wreck, of chaotic flight, or chaotic refusal to fly. The Seidlitz cavalry went sabring till, for very fatigue, they gave it up, and could no more. The Russian horse fled to Kutzdorf,--Fermor with them, who saw no more of this Fight, and did not get back till dark;--had not the Bridges been burnt, and no crossing of the Mutzel possible, Fermor never would have come back, and here had been the end of Zorndorf. Luckier if it had! But there is no crossing of the Mutzel, there is only drowning in the quagmires there:--death any way; what can be done but die?
       The Russian infantry stand to be sabred, in the above manner, as if they had been dead oxen. More remote from Seidlitz, they break open the sutlers' brandy-casks, and in few minutes get roaring drunk. Their officers, desperate, split the brandy-casks; soldiers flap down to drink it from the puddles; furiously remonstrate with their officers, and "kill a good many of them" (VIELE, says Tielcke), especially the foreign sort. "A frightful blood-bath," by all the Accounts: blood-bath, brandy-bath, and chief Nucleus of Chaos then extant aboveground. Fermor is swept away: this chaos, the very Prussians drawing back from it, wearied with massacring, lasts till about one o'clock. Up to the Gallows-ground the Minotaur is mere wreck and delirium: but beyond the Gallows-ground, the other half forms a new front to itself; becomes a new Minotaur, though in reduced shape. This is Part First of the Battle of Zorndorf; Friedrich--on the edge of great disaster at one moment, but miraculously saved--has still the other half to do (unlucky that he left no Bridges on the Mutzel), and must again change his program.
       Half of the Minotaur is gone to shreds in this manner; but the attack upon it, too, is spent: what is to be done with the other half of the monster, which is again alive; which still stands, and polypus-like has arranged a new life for itself, a new front against the Galgengrund yonder? Friedrich brings his right wing into action. Rapidly arranges right wing, centre, all of the left that is disposable, with batteries, with cavalry; for an attack on the opposite or southeastern end of his monster. If your monster, polypus-like, come alive again in the tail-part, you must fell that other head of him. Batteries, well in advance, begin work upon the new head of the monster, which was once his tail; fresh troops, long lines of them, pushing forward to begin platoon-volleying:--time now, I should guess, about half-past two. Our infantry has not yet got within musket-range,--when torrents of Russian Horse, Foot too following, plunge out; wide-flowing, stormfully swift; and dash against the coming attack. Dash against it; stagger it; actually tumble it back, in the centre part; take one of the batteries, and a whole battalion prisoners. Here again is a moment! Friedrich, they say, rushed personally into this vortex; rallied these broken battalions, again rallied and led them up; but it was to no purpose: they could not be made to stand, these centre battalions;--"some sudden panic in them, a thing unaccountable," says Tempelhof; "they are Dohna's people, who fought perfectly at Jagersdorf, and often elsewhere" (they were all in such a finely burnished state the other day; but have not biting talent, like the grass-devils): enough, they fairly scour away, certain disgraceful battalions, and are not got ranked again till below Wilkersdorf, above a mile off; though the grass-devils, on both hands of them, stand grimly steady, left in this ominous manner.
       What would have become of the affair one knows not, if it had not been that Seidlitz once more made his appearance. On Friedrich's order, or on his own, I do not know; but sure it is, Seidlitz, with sixty-one squadrons, arriving from some distance, breaks in like a DEUS EX MACHINA, swift as the storm-wind, upon this Russian Horse-torrent; drives it again before him like a mere torrent of chaff, back, ever back, to the shore of Acheron and the Stygian quagmires (of the Mutzel, namely); so that it did not return again; and the Prussian infantry had free field for their platoon exercise. Their rage against the Russians was extreme; and that of the Russians corresponded. Three of these grass-devil battalions, who stood nearest to Dohna's runaways, were natives of this same burnt-out Zorndorf Country; we may fancy the Platt-Teutsch hearts of them, and the sacred lightning, with a moisture to it, that was in their eyes. Platt-Teutsch platooning, bayonet-charging,--on such terms no Russian or mortal Quadrilateral can stand it. The Russian Minotaur goes all to shreds a second time; but will not run. "No quarter!"--"Well, then, none!"
       "Shortly after four o'clock," say my Accounts, "the firing," regular firing, "altogether ceased; ammunition nearly spent, on both sides; Prussians snatching cartridge-boxes of Russian dead;" and then began a tug of deadly massacring and wrestling man to man, "with bayonets, with butts of muskets, with hands, even with teeth [in some Russian instances], such as was never seen before." The Russians, beaten to fragments, would not run: whither run? Behind is Mutzel and the bog of Acheron;--on Mutzel is no bridge left; "the shore of Mutzel is thick with men and horses, who have tried to cross, and lie there swallowed in the ooze"--"like a pavement," says Tielcke. The Russians,--never was such VIS INERTIAE as theirs now. They stood like sacks of clay, like oxen already dead; not even if you shot a bullet through them, would they fall at once, says Archenholtz, but seem to be deliberate about it.
       Complete disorder reigned on both sides; except that the Prussians could always form again when bidden, the Russians not. This lasted till nightfall,--Russians getting themselves shoved away on these horrid terms, and obstinate to take no other. Towards dark, there appeared, on a distant knoll, something like a ranked body of them again,--some 2,000 foot and half as many horse; whom Themicoud (superlative Swiss Cossack, usually written Demikof or Demikow) had picked up, and persuaded from the shore of Acheron, back to this knoll of vantage, and some cannon with them. Friedrich orders these to be dispersed again: General Forcade, with two battalions, taking the front of them, shall attack there; you, General Rauter, bring up those Dohna fellows again, and take them in flank. Forcade pushes on, Rauter too,--but at the first taste of cannon-shot, these poor Dohna-people (such their now flurried, disgraced state of mind) take to flight again, worse than before; rush quite through Wilkersdorf this time, into the woods, and can hardly be got together at all. Scandalous to think of. No wonder Friedrich "looked always askance on those regiments that had been beaten at Gross Jagersdorf, and to the end of his life gave them proofs of it:" [Retzow;--and still more emphatically, Briefe eines alten Preussischen Officiers (Hohenzollern, 1790), i. 34, ii. 52, &c.] very natural, if the rest were like these!
       Of poor General Rauter, Tempelhof and the others, that can help it, are politely silent; only Saxon Tielcke tells us, that Friedrich dismissed him, "Go, you, to some other trade!"--which, on Prussian evidence too, expressed in veiled terms, I find to be the fact: Militair-Lexikon, obliged to have an article on Rauter, is very brief about it; hints nothing unkind; records his personal intrepidity; and says, "in 1758 he, on his request, had leave to withdraw,"--poor soul, leave and more!
       Forcade, left to himself, kept cannonading Themicoud; Themicoud responding, would not go; stood on his knoll of vantage, but gathered no strength: "Let him stand," said Friedrich, after some time; and Themicoud melted in the shades of night, gradually towards the hither shore of Acheron,--that is, of Acheron-Mutzel, none now attempting to PAVE it farther, but simmering about at their sad leisure there. Feldmarschall Fermor is now got to his people again, or his people to him; reunited in place and luck: such a chaos as Fermor never saw before or after. No regiment or battalion now is; mere simmering monads, this fine Army; officers doing their utmost to cobble it into something of rank, without regard to regiments or qualities. Darkness seldom sank on such a scene.
       Wild Cossack parties are scouring over all parts of the field; robbing the dead, murdering the wounded; doing arson, too, wherever possible; and even snatching at the Prussian cannon left rearwards, so that the Hussars have to go upon them again. One large mass of them plundering in the Hamlet of Zicher, the Hussars surrounded: the Cossacks took to the outhouses; squatted, ran, called in the aid of fire, their constant friend: above 400 of them were in some big barn, or range of straw houses; and set fire to it,--but could not get out for Hussars; the Hussars were at the outgate: Not a devil of you! said the Hussars; and the whole four hundred perished there, choked, burnt, or slain by the Hussars,--and this poor Planet was at length rid of them. [Helden-Geschichte, v. 166.]
       Friedrich sends for his tent-equipages; and the Army pitches its camp in two big lines, running north and south, looking towards the Russian side of things; Friedrich's tent in front of the first line; a warrior King among his people, who have had a day's work of it. The Russian loss turns out, when counted, to have been 21,529 killed, wounded and missing, 7,990 of them killed; the Prussian sum-total is 11,390 (above the Prussian third man), of whom 3,680 slain. And on the shores of Acheron northward yonder, there still is a simmering. And far and wide the country is alight with incendiary fires,--many devils still abroad. Excellency Mitchell, about eight in the evening, is sent for by the King; finds various chief Generals, Seidlitz among them, on their various businesses there; congratulates "on the noble victory [not so conclusive hitherto] which Heaven has granted your Majesty." "Had it not been for him," said Friedrich,--"Had it not been for him, things would have had a bad look by this time!" and turned his sun-eyes upon Seidlitz, with a fine expression in them. [Preuss, ii. 153. Mitchell (ii. 432) mentions the Interview, nothing of Seidlitz.] To which Seidlitz's reply, I find, was an embarrassed blush and of articulate only, "Hm, no, ha, it was your Majesty's Cavalry that did their duty,--but Wakenitz [my second] does deserve promotion!"--which Wakenitz, not in a too overflowing measure, got.
       Fermor, during the night-watches, having cobbled himself into some kind of ranks or rows, moves down well westward of Zabern Hollow; to the Drewitz Heath, where he once before lay, and there makes his bivouac in the wood, safe under the fir-trees, with the Zabern ground to front of him. By the above reckoning, 28 or 29,000 still hang to Fermor, or float vaporously round him; with Friedrich, in his two lines, are some 18,000:--in whole, 46,000 tired mortals sleeping thereabouts; near 12,000 others have fallen into a deeper sleep, not liable to be disturbed;--and of the wounded on the field, one shudders to imagine.
       Next day, Saturday, 26th, Fermor, again brought into some kind of rank, and safe beyond the quaggy Zabern ground, sent out a proposal, "That there be Truce of Three Days for burying the dead!"--Dohna, who happened to be General in command there, answers, "That it is customary for the Victor to take charge of burying the slain; that such proposal is surprising, and quite inadmissible, in present circumstances." Fermor, in the mean while, had drawn himself out, fronting his late battle-field and the morning sun; and began cannonading across the Zabern ground; too far off for hitting, but as if still intending fight: to which the Prussians replied with cannon, and drew out before their tents in fighting order. In both armies there was question, or talk, of attacking anew; but in both "there was want of ammunition," want of real likelihood. On Fermor's side, that of "attacking" could be talk only, and on Friedrich's, besides the scarcity of ammunition, all creatures, foot and especially horse, were so worn out with yesterday's work, it was not judged practically expedient. A while before noon, the Prussians retired to their Camp again; leaving only the artillery to respond, so far as needful, and bow-wow across the Zabern ground, till the Russians lay down again.
       Friedrich's Hussars knew of the Russian WAGENBURG, or general baggage reservoirs, at Klein Kamin, by this time. The Hussars had been in it, last night; rummaging extensively, at discretion for some time; and had brought away much money and portable plunder. Why Friedrich, who lay direct between Fermor and his Wagenburg, did not, this day, extinguish said Wagenburg, I do not know; but guess it may have been a fault of omission, in the great welter this was now grown to be to the weary mind. Beyond question, if one had blown up Fermor's remaining gunpowder, and carried off or burnt his meal-sacks, he must have cowered away all the faster towards Landsberg to seek more. Or perhaps Friedrich now judged it immaterial, and a question only of hours?
       About midnight of Saturday-Sunday, there again rose bow-wowing, bellowing of Russian cannon; not from beyond the Zabern ground this time, nor stationary anywhere, but from the south some transient part of it, and not far off;--one ball struck a carriage near the King's tent, and shattered it. Thick mist mantles everything, and it is difficult to know what the Russians have on hand in their sylvan seclusions. After a time, it becomes manifest the Russians are on retreat; winding round, through the southern woods, behind Zorndorf and the charred Villages, to Klein Kamin, Landsberg way. Friedrich, following now on the heel of them, finds all got to Klein Kamin, to breakfast there in their Wagenburg refectory,--sharply vigilant, many FLECHES (little arrow-shaped redoubts, so named) and much artillery round them. Nothing considerable to be done upon them, now or afterwards, except pick up stragglers, and distress their rear a little. The King himself, in the first movement, was thought to be in alarming peril, such a blaze of case-shot rose upon him, as he went reconnoitring foremost of all. [Tempelhof, ii. 216-238; Tielcke, ii. 79-154; Archenholtz, i. 253-264; Helden-Geschichte, v. 156-179 (with many LISTS, private LETTERS and the like details); &c. &c.]
       And this was, at last, the end of Zorndorf Battle; on the third day this. Was there ever seen such a fight of Theseus and the Minotaur! Theseus, rapid, dexterous, with Heaven's lightning in his eyes, seizing the Minotaur; lassoing him by the hinder foot, then by the right horn; pouring steel and destruction into him, the very dust darkening all the air. Minotaur refusing to die when killed; tumbling to and fro upon its Theseus; the two lugging and tugging, flinging one another about, and describing figures of 8 round each other for three days before it ended. Minotaur walking off on his own feet, after all. It was the bloodiest battle of the Seven-Years War; one of the most furious ever fought; such rage possessing the individual elements; rage unusual in modern wars. Must have altered Friedrich's notion of the Russians, when he next comes to speak with Keith. It was not till the fourth day hence (August 31st), so unattackably strong was this position at Klein Kamin, that the Russian Minotaur would fairly get to its feet a second time, and slowly stagger off, in real earnest, Landsberg way and Konigsberg way;--Friedrich right glad to leave Dohna in attendance on it; and hasten off (September 2d) towards Saxony and Prince Henri, where his presence is now become very needful.
       MAP GOES HERE FACING PAGE 138, BOOK XVIII----
       Fermor, walking off in this manner,--not till the third day, nay not conclusively till the seventh day, after Zorndorf,--strove at first to consider himself victorious. "I passed the night on the field of battle [or NOT far from it, for good reasons, Mutzel being bridgeless]: may not I, in the language of enthusiasm, be considered conqueror? Here are 26 of their cannon, got when I cried 'Arah' prematurely. (Where the 103 pieces of my own are, and my 27 flags, and my Army-chest and sundries? Dropped somewhere; they will probably turn up again!)" thinks Fermor,--or strives to think, and says. So that, at Petersburg, at Paris and Vienna, in the next three weeks, there were TE-DEUMS, Ambrosian chantings, fires-of-joy; and considerable arguing among the Gazetteers on both parts,--till the dust settled, and facts appeared as they were. To the effect: "TE DEUM non LAUDAMUS; alas no, we must retract; and it was good gunpowder thrown after bad!"
       On always homewards, but at its own pace, waited on by Dohna, goes the Russian Monster: violently case-shotting if you prick into its rearward parts. One Palmbach,--under Romanzow, I think, who had not taken part in the Battle, being out Stettin way, and unable to join till now,--Palmbach, with a Detachment of 15,000, which was thought sufficient for the object, did try to make a dash on Colberg,--how happy had we any port on the Baltic, to feed us in this Country! But though Colberg is the paltriest crow's-nest (BICOQUE), according to all engineers, and is defended only by 700 militia (the Colonel of them, one Heyde, a gray old Half-pay, not yet renowned in the soldier world, as he here came to be), Palmbach, with his best diligence, could make nothing of it; but, after battering, bombarding, even scalading, and in all ways blurting and blazing at a mighty rate for four weeks, and wasting a great deal of gunpowder and 2,000 Russian lives, withdrew on those remarkable terms. [In Helden-Geschichte, v. 349-365 ("3d-31st October, 1758"), a complete and minute JOURNAL of this First Siege of Colberg, which is interesting to read of, as all the Three of them are.] And did then, as tail of Fermor, what Fermor and the Russian Monster was universally doing, make off at a good pace,--having nothing to live upon farther,--and vanish from those Countries, to the relief of Dohna and mankind.
       September 2d, Friedrich, leaving all that, had marched for Saxony; his presence urgently required there. Daun ought to be far on with the conquest of that Country? Might have had it, say judges, if he had been as swift as some.--At Zorndorf, among the Russian Prisoners were certain Generals, Soltikof, Czernichef, Sulkowski the Pole, proud people in their own eyes: no lodging for them but the cellars of Custrin. Russian Generals complained, "Is this a lodging for Field-Officers of rank!" Friedrich was not used to profane swearing, or vituperative outbursts; but he answered to the effect: "Silence, ye incendiary individuals. Is there a choice left of lodgings, and for you above others!" Upon which they lay silent for some days, till better suited; in fact, till exchanged,--and perhaps will soon turn up on us again. _
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Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - Chapter 1. Preliminary: How The Moment Arrived
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - __Prince Karl Gets Across The Rhine (20 June-2 July, 1744)
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - __Friedrich Decides To Intervene
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - Chapter 2. Friedrich Marches Upon Prag, Captures Prag
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - Chapter 3. Friedrich, Diligent In His Bohemian Conquests, Unexpectedly Comes Upon Prince Karl, With No French Attending Him
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - __Friedrich, Leaving Small Garrison In Prag, Rushes Swiftly Up The Moldau Valley, Upon The Tabor-Budweis Country; To Please His French Friends
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - __The French Are Little Grateful For The Pleasure Done Them At Such Ruinous Expense
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - Chapter 4. Friedrich Reduced To Straits; Cannot Maintain His Moldau Conquests Against Price Karl
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - __Friedrich Tries To Have Battle From Prince Karl, In The Moldau Countries; Cannot, Owing To The Skill Of Prince Karl Or Of Old Feldmarschall Traun
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - __Friedrich's Retreat; Especially Einsiedel's From Prag
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - Chapter 5. Friedrich, Under Difficulties, Prepares For A New Campaign
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - __Old Dessauer Repels The Silesian Invasion (winter, 1744-45)
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - __The French Fully Intend To Behave Better Next Season To Friedrich And Their German Allies;--But Are Prevented By Various Accidents (november, 174
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - __Strange Accident To Marechal De Belleisle In The Harz Mountains (20th December, 1744)
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - __The Kaiser Karl 7. Gets Secured From Oppressions, In A Tragic Way. Friedrich Proposes Peace, But To No Purpose
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - Chapter 6. Valori Goes On An Electioneering Mission To Dresden
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - __1. Friedrich's Position Towards Saxony
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - __2. There Is A, "Union Of Warsaw" (8th Jan 1745); And Still More Specially A "Treaty Of Warsaw" (8th Jan-18th May 1745)
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - __3. Valori's Account Of His Mission (in Compressed Form). [Valori, I. 211-219.]
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - __Middle-Rhine Army In A Staggering State; The Bavarian Intricacy Settles Itself, The Wrong Way
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - Chapter 7. Friedrich In Silesia; Unusually Busy
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - __King Friedrich To Podewils, In Berlin (under Various Dates, March-April, 1745)
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - __Friedrich To Podewils (as Before, April-May, 1745)
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - Chapter 8. The Martial Boy And His English Versus The Laws Of Nature
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - __Battle Of Fontenoy (11th May, 1745)
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - Chapter 9. The Austrian-Saxon Army Invades Silesia, Across The Mountains
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - Chapter 10. Battle Of Hohenfriedberg
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - Chapter 11. Camp Of Chlum: Friedrich Cannot Achieve Peace
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - __Camp Of Dieskau: Britannic Majesty Makes Peace, For Himself, With Friedrich; But Cannot For Austria Or Saxony
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - __Schonbrunn, 2d August, 1745, Robinson Has Audience Of Her Hungarian Majesty
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - __Grand-Duke Franz Is Elected Kaiser (13th September, 1745); Friedrich, The Season And Forage Being Done, Makes For Silesia
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - Chapter 12. Battle Of Sohr
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - Chapter 13. Saxony And Austria Make A Surprising Last Attempt
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - __Friedrich Goes Out To Meet His Three-Legged Monster; Cuts One Leg Of It In Two (fight Of Hennersdorf, 23d November, 1745)
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - __Prince Karl, Cut In Two, Tumbles Home Again Double-Quick
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - Chapter 14. Battle Of Kesselsdorf
   Book 15. Second Silesian War, Important Episode In The General European One.--15th Aug. 1744-25th Dec. 1745 - Chapter 15. Peace Of Dresden: Friedrich Does March Home
Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756
   Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756 - Chapter 1. Sans-Souci
   Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756 - __Friedrich Declines The Career Of Conquering Hero; Goes Into Law-Reform; And Gets Ready A Cottage Residence For Himself
   Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756 - Chapter 2. Peep At Voltaire And His Divine Emilie (by Candlelight) In The Tide Of Events
   Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756 - __Voltaire And The Divine Emilie Appear Suddenly, One Night, At Sceaux
   Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756 - __War-Passages In 1747
   Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756 - __Marshal Keith Comes To Prussia (September, 1747)
   Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756 - Chapter 3. European War Falls Done: Treaty Of Aix-La-Chapelle
   Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756 - __Marechal De Saxe Pays Friedrich A Visit
   Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756 - __Tragic News, That Concern Us, Of Voltaire And Others
   Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756 - Chapter 4. Cocceji Finishes The Law-Reform; Friedrich Is Printing His Poesies
   Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756 - Chapter 5. Strangers Of Note Come To Berlin, In 1750
   Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756 - __Candidatus Linsenbarth (Quasi "Lentil-Beard") Likewise Visits Berlin
   Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756 - __Sir Jonas Hanway Stalks Across The Scene, Too; In A Pondering And Observing Manner
   Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756 - Chapter 6. Berlin Carrousel, And Voltaire Visible There
   Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756 - __Perpetual President Maupertuis Has A Visit From One Konig, Out Of Holland, Concerning The Infinitely Little
   Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756 - Chapter 7. M. De Voltaire Has A Painful Jew-Lawsuit
   Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756 - __The Voltaire-Hirsch Transaction: Part 1. Origin Of Lawsuit (10th November-25th December, 1750)
   Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756 - Part 2. The Lawsuit Itself (30th December, 1750-18th And 26th February, 1751)
   Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756 - Chapter 8. Ost-Friesland And The Shipping Interests
   Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756 - __Friedriah Visits Ost-Friesland
   Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756 - Chapter 9. Second Act Of The Voltaire Visit
   Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756 - __Detached Features (not Fabulous) Of Voltaire And His Berlin-Potsdam Environment In 1751-1752
   Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756 - __Fractions Of Events And Indications, From Voltaire Himself, In This Time; More Or Less Illuminative When Reduced To Order
   Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756 - Chapter 10. Demon Newswriter, Of 1752
   Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756 - __A Demon Newswriter Gives An "Idea" Of Friedrich; Intelligible To The Knowing Classes In England And Elsewhere
   Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756 - Chapter 11. Third Act And Catastrophe Of The Voltaire Visit
   Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756 - __"Answer From [Very Privately Voltaire, Calling Himself] A Berlin Academician To A Paris One
   Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756 - Chapter 12. Of The Afterpiece, Which Proved Still More Tragical
   Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756 - Part 1. Fredersdorf Sends Instructions; The "Oeuvre De Poesie" Is Got; But--
   Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756 - Part 2. Voltaire, In Spite Of His Efforts, Does Get Away (June 20th-July 7th)
   Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756 - Chapter 13. Romish-King Question; English-Privateer Question
   Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756 - Chapter 14. There Is Like To Be Another War Ahead
   Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756 - Chapter 15. Anti-Prussian War-Symptoms: Friedrich Visible For A Moment
   Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756 - __"Extractus Protocollorum In Inquisitions-Sachen,"--That Is To Say, Extract Of Protocols In Inquest "Contra Friedrich Wilhelm Menzel And Johann Benjamin Erfurth"
   Book 16. The Ten Years Of Peace.--1746-1756 - __Friedrich Is Visible, In Holland, To The Naked Eye, For Some Minutes (June 23d, 1755).
Book 17. The Seven-Years War: First Campaign.--1756-1757
   Book 17. The Seven-Years War: First Campaign.--1756-1757 - Chapter 1. What Friedrich Had Read In The Menzel Documents
   Book 17. The Seven-Years War: First Campaign.--1756-1757 - __How Friedrich Discovered The Mystery. Concerning Menzel And Weingarten
   Book 17. The Seven-Years War: First Campaign.--1756-1757 - Chapter 2. English Diplomacies Abroad, In Prospect Of A French War
   Book 17. The Seven-Years War: First Campaign.--1756-1757 - __The Triumphant Hanbury Treaty Becomes, Itself, Nothing Or Less;--But Produces A Friedrich Treaty, Followed By Results Which Surprise Everybody
   Book 17. The Seven-Years War: First Campaign.--1756-1757 - __There Has Been A Counter-Treaty Going On At Versailles In The Interim; Which Hereupon Starts Out, And Tumbles The Wholly Astonished European Diplomacies Heels-Over-Head.
   Book 17. The Seven-Years War: First Campaign.--1756-1757 - Chapter 3. French-English War Breaks Out
   Book 17. The Seven-Years War: First Campaign.--1756-1757 - __King Friedrich's Enigma Gets More And More Stringent
   Book 17. The Seven-Years War: First Campaign.--1756-1757 - Chapter 4. Friedrich Puts A Question At Vienna, Twice Over
   Book 17. The Seven-Years War: First Campaign.--1756-1757 - __The March Into Saxony, In Three Columns
   Book 17. The Seven-Years War: First Campaign.--1756-1757 - Chapter 5. Friedrich Blockades The Saxons In Pirna Country
   Book 17. The Seven-Years War: First Campaign.--1756-1757 - Chapter 6. Battle Of Lobositz
   Book 17. The Seven-Years War: First Campaign.--1756-1757 - Chapter 7. The Saxons Get Out Of Pirna On Dismal Terms
   Book 17. The Seven-Years War: First Campaign.--1756-1757 - Chapter 8. Winter In Dresden
Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - Chapter 1. The Campaign Opens
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - __Reich's Thunder, Slight Survey Of It; With Question, Whitherward, If Any-Whither
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - __Friedrich Suddenly Marches On Prag
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - Chapter 2. Battle Of Prag
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - Chapter 3. Prag Cannot Be Got At Once
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - __Colonel Mayer With His "Free-Corps" Party Makes A Visit, Of Didactic Nature, To The Reich
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - __Of The Singular Quasi-Bewitched Condition Of England; And What Is To Be Hoped From It For The Common Cause, If Prag Go Amiss
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - __Phenomena Of Prag Siege:--Prag Siege Is Interrupted
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - Chapter 4. Battle Of Kolin
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - __The Maria-Theresa Order, New Knighthood For Austria
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - Chapter 5. Friedrich At Leitmeritz, His World Of Enemies Coming On
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - __Prince August Wilhelm Finds A Bad Problem At Jung-Bunzlau; And Does It Badly: Friedrich Thereupon Has To Rise From Leitmeritz, And Take The Field Elsewhere, In Bitter Haste And Impatience, With Outl
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - Chapter 6. Death Of Winterfeld
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - Chapter 7. Friedrich In Thuringen, His World Of Enemies All Come
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - __I. Friedrich's March To Erfurt From Dresden--(31st August-13th September, 1757)
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - __II. The Soubise Hildburghausen People Take Into The Hills; Friedrich In Erfurt Neighborhood, Hanging On, Week After Week, In An Agony Of Inaction (13th September-10th October)
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - __Lamentation-Psalms Of Friedrich
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - __III. Rumor Of An Inroad On Berlin Suddenly Sets Friedrich On March Thither: Inroad Takes Effect,--With Important Results, Chiefly In A Left-Hand Form
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - __Scene At Regensburg In The Interim
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - Chapter 8. Battle Of Rossbach
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - __Catastrophe Of Dauphiness (Saturday, 5th November, 1757)
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - Chapter 9. Friedrich Marches For Silesia
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - __Friedrich's Speech To His Generals (Parchwitz, 3d December, 1757). [From Retzow, I. 240-242 (Slightly Abridged)]
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - Chapter 10. Battle Of Leuthen
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - Chapter 11. Winter In Breslau: Third Campaign Opens
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - __Of The English Subsidy
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - __Friedrich, As Indeed Pitt's People And Others Have Done, Takes The Field Uncommonly Early: Friedrich Goes Upon Schweidnitz, Schweidnitz, As The Preface To Whatever His Campaign May Be
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - Chapter 12. Siege Of Olmutz
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - Chapter 13. Battle Of Zorndorf
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - __Theseus And The Minotaur Over Again,--That Is To Say, Friedrich At Hand-Grips With Fermor And His Russians (25th August, 1758)
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - Chapter 14. Battle Of Hochkirch
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - __Daun And The Reichs Army Invade Saxony, In Friedrich's Absence
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - __Friedrich Intervening, Daun Draws Back; Intrenches Himself In Neighborhood To Dresden And Pirna; Friedrich Following Him. Four Armies Standing There, In Dead-Lock, For A Month; With Issue, A Flank-M
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - __What Actually Befell At Hochkirch (Saturday, 14th October, 1758)
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - __Sequel Of Hochkirch; The Campaign Ends In A Way Surprising To An Attentive Public (22d October-20th November, 1758)
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - __Friedrich Marches, Enigmatically, Not On Glogau, But On Reichenbach And Gorlitz; To Daun's Astonishment
   Book 18. Seven-Years War Rises To A Height.--1757-1759 - __Feldmarschall Daun And The Reichs Army Try Some Siege Of Dresden (9th-16th November)
Book 19. Friedrich Like To Be Overwhelmed In The Seven-Years War--1759-1760
   Book 19. Friedrich Like To Be Overwhelmed In The Seven-Years War--1759-1760 - Chapter 1. Preliminaries To A Fourth Campaign
   Book 19. Friedrich Like To Be Overwhelmed In The Seven-Years War--1759-1760 - __Of The Small-War In Spring, 1759. There Are Five Disruptions Of That Grand Cordon (February-April); And Ferdinand Of Brunswick Fights His Battle Of Bergen (April 13th)
   Book 19. Friedrich Like To Be Overwhelmed In The Seven-Years War--1759-1760 - Chapter 2. General Dohna; Dictator Wedell: Battle Of Zullichau
   Book 19. Friedrich Like To Be Overwhelmed In The Seven-Years War--1759-1760 - __Dictator Wedell Fights His Battle (Monday, 23d July, 1759), Without Success
   Book 19. Friedrich Like To Be Overwhelmed In The Seven-Years War--1759-1760 - Chapter 3. Friedrich In Person Attempts The Russian Problem; Not With Success
   Book 19. Friedrich Like To Be Overwhelmed In The Seven-Years War--1759-1760 - Chapter 4. Battle Of Kunersdorf
   Book 19. Friedrich Like To Be Overwhelmed In The Seven-Years War--1759-1760 - Chapter 5. Saxony Without Defence: Schmettau Surrenders Dresden
   Book 19. Friedrich Like To Be Overwhelmed In The Seven-Years War--1759-1760 - __The "Reichs Army" 80 Called Has Entered Saxony, Under Fine Omens; Does Some Feats Of Sieging (August 7th-23d),--With An Eye On Dresden As The Crowning One
   Book 19. Friedrich Like To Be Overwhelmed In The Seven-Years War--1759-1760 - __Austrian Reichs Army Does Its Crowning Feat (August 26th-September 4th): Diary Of What Is Called The "Siege" Of Dresden
   Book 19. Friedrich Like To Be Overwhelmed In The Seven-Years War--1759-1760 - Chapter 6. Prince Henri Makes A March Of Fifty Hours; The Russians Cannot Find Lodging In Silesia
   Book 19. Friedrich Like To Be Overwhelmed In The Seven-Years War--1759-1760 - __Daun, Soltikof And Company Again Have A Colloquy (Bautzen, September 15th); After Which Everybody Starts On His Special Course Of Action
   Book 19. Friedrich Like To Be Overwhelmed In The Seven-Years War--1759-1760 - __Friedrich Manages (September 24th-October 24th) To Get The Russians Sent Home; And Himself Falls Lamed With Gout
   Book 19. Friedrich Like To Be Overwhelmed In The Seven-Years War--1759-1760 - Chapter 7. Friedrich Reappears On The Field, And In Seven Days After Comes The Catastrophe Of Maxen
   Book 19. Friedrich Like To Be Overwhelmed In The Seven-Years War--1759-1760 - Chapter 8. Miscellanea In Winter-Quarters, 1759-1760
   Book 19. Friedrich Like To Be Overwhelmed In The Seven-Years War--1759-1760 - __Serene Highness Of Wurtemberg, At Fulda (Nov 30th 1759), Is Just About "Firing Victoria," And Giving A Ball To Beauty And Fashion--But Is Unpleasantly Interrupted
   Book 19. Friedrich Like To Be Overwhelmed In The Seven-Years War--1759-1760 - __What Is Perpetual President Maupertuis Doing, All This While? Is He Still In Berlin; Or Where In The Universe Is He? Alas, Poor Maupertuis!
   Book 19. Friedrich Like To Be Overwhelmed In The Seven-Years War--1759-1760 - __Grand French Invasion-Scheme Comes Entirely To Wreck (Quiberon Bay, 20th November, 1759): Of Controller-General Silhouette, And The Outlooks Of France, Financial And Other
   Book 19. Friedrich Like To Be Overwhelmed In The Seven-Years War--1759-1760 - __Friedrich, Strange To Say, Publishes (March-June, 1760) An Edition Of His Poems. Question, "Who Wrote Matinees Du Roi De Prusse?"--For The Second, And Positively The Last Time
   Book 19. Friedrich Like To Be Overwhelmed In The Seven-Years War--1759-1760 - __Peace-Negotiations Hopeful To Friedrich All Through Winter; But The French Won't. Voltaire, And His Style Of Corresponding
   Book 19. Friedrich Like To Be Overwhelmed In The Seven-Years War--1759-1760 - __Voltaire On Friedrich, To Different Third-Parties, During This War
   Book 19. Friedrich Like To Be Overwhelmed In The Seven-Years War--1759-1760 - __Voltaire On Surrounding Objects, Chiefly On Maupertuis, And The Battles
   Book 19. Friedrich Like To Be Overwhelmed In The Seven-Years War--1759-1760 - __Friedrich To Voltaire, Before And During These Peace Negotiations
   Book 19. Friedrich Like To Be Overwhelmed In The Seven-Years War--1759-1760 - __Friedrich Has Sent Lord Marischal To Spain: Other Fond Hopes Of Friedrich's
   Book 19. Friedrich Like To Be Overwhelmed In The Seven-Years War--1759-1760 - Chapter 9. Preliminaries To A Fifth Campaign
Book 20. Friedrich Is Not To Be Overwhelmed: The Seven-Years War Gradually Ends--25th April, 1760-15th February, 1763
   Book 20. Friedrich Is Not To Be Overwhelmed: The Seven-Years War Gradually Ends--25th April, 1760-15th February, 1763 - Chapter 1. Fifth Campaign Opens
   Book 20. Friedrich Is Not To Be Overwhelmed: The Seven-Years War Gradually Ends--25th April, 1760-15th February, 1763 - Chapter 2. Friedrich Besieges Dresden
   Book 20. Friedrich Is Not To Be Overwhelmed: The Seven-Years War Gradually Ends--25th April, 1760-15th February, 1763 - __Capture Of Glatz (26th July, 1760)
   Book 20. Friedrich Is Not To Be Overwhelmed: The Seven-Years War Gradually Ends--25th April, 1760-15th February, 1763 - __ Dialogue Of Friedrich And Henri (From Their Private Correspondence: June 7th-July 29th, 1760)
   Book 20. Friedrich Is Not To Be Overwhelmed: The Seven-Years War Gradually Ends--25th April, 1760-15th February, 1763 - __Duke Ferdinand's Battle Of Warburg (31st July, 1760)
   Book 20. Friedrich Is Not To Be Overwhelmed: The Seven-Years War Gradually Ends--25th April, 1760-15th February, 1763 - Chapter 3. Battle Of Liegnitz
   Book 20. Friedrich Is Not To Be Overwhelmed: The Seven-Years War Gradually Ends--25th April, 1760-15th February, 1763 - __Loudon Is Trying A Stroke-Of-Hand On Breslau, In The Glatz Fashion, In The Interim (July 30th-August 3d)
   Book 20. Friedrich Is Not To Be Overwhelmed: The Seven-Years War Gradually Ends--25th April, 1760-15th February, 1763 - __Friedrich On March, For The Third Time, To Rescue Silesia (August 1st-15th)
   Book 20. Friedrich Is Not To Be Overwhelmed: The Seven-Years War Gradually Ends--25th April, 1760-15th February, 1763 - __Battle, In The Neighborhood Of Liegnitz, Does Ensue (Friday Morning, 15th August, 1760)
   Book 20. Friedrich Is Not To Be Overwhelmed: The Seven-Years War Gradually Ends--25th April, 1760-15th February, 1763 - Chapter 4. Daun In Wrestle With Friedrich In The Silesian Hills
   Book 20. Friedrich Is Not To Be Overwhelmed: The Seven-Years War Gradually Ends--25th April, 1760-15th February, 1763 - __The Russians Make A Raid On Berlin, For Relief Of Daun And Their Own Behoof (October 3d-12th, 1760)
   Book 20. Friedrich Is Not To Be Overwhelmed: The Seven-Years War Gradually Ends--25th April, 1760-15th February, 1763 - Chapter 5. Battle Of Torgau
   Book 20. Friedrich Is Not To Be Overwhelmed: The Seven-Years War Gradually Ends--25th April, 1760-15th February, 1763 - __Fight Of Kloster Kampen (Night Of October 15th-16th); Wesel Not To Be Had By Duke Ferdinand
   Book 20. Friedrich Is Not To Be Overwhelmed: The Seven-Years War Gradually Ends--25th April, 1760-15th February, 1763 - Chapter 6. Winter-Quarters 1760-1761
   Book 20. Friedrich Is Not To Be Overwhelmed: The Seven-Years War Gradually Ends--25th April, 1760-15th February, 1763 - __King Friedrich In The Apel House At Leipzig (8th December, 1760-17th March, 1761)
   Book 20. Friedrich Is Not To Be Overwhelmed: The Seven-Years War Gradually Ends--25th April, 1760-15th February, 1763 - __Interview With Herr Professor Gellert (Thursday, 18th December, 1760)
   Book 20. Friedrich Is Not To Be Overwhelmed: The Seven-Years War Gradually Ends--25th April, 1760-15th February, 1763 - __Dialogue With General Saldern (In The Apel House, Leipzig, 21st January, 1761)
   Book 20. Friedrich Is Not To Be Overwhelmed: The Seven-Years War Gradually Ends--25th April, 1760-15th February, 1763 - __There Are Some War-Movements During Winter; General Financiering Difficulties. Choiseul Proposes Peace
   Book 20. Friedrich Is Not To Be Overwhelmed: The Seven-Years War Gradually Ends--25th April, 1760-15th February, 1763 - Chapter 7. Sixth Campaign Opens: Camp Of Bunzelwitz
   Book 20. Friedrich Is Not To Be Overwhelmed: The Seven-Years War Gradually Ends--25th April, 1760-15th February, 1763 - __Of Ferdinand's Battle Of Vellinghausen (15th-16th July); And The Campaign 1761
   Book 20. Friedrich Is Not To Be Overwhelmed: The Seven-Years War Gradually Ends--25th April, 1760-15th February, 1763 - __Third Siege Of Colberg
   Book 20. Friedrich Is Not To Be Overwhelmed: The Seven-Years War Gradually Ends--25th April, 1760-15th February, 1763 - Chapter 8. Loudon Pounces Upon Schweidnitz One Night (Last Of September, 1761)
   Book 20. Friedrich Is Not To Be Overwhelmed: The Seven-Years War Gradually Ends--25th April, 1760-15th February, 1763 - Chapter 9. Traitor Warkotsch
   Book 20. Friedrich Is Not To Be Overwhelmed: The Seven-Years War Gradually Ends--25th April, 1760-15th February, 1763 - Chapter 10. Friedrich In Breslau; Has News From Petersburg
   Book 20. Friedrich Is Not To Be Overwhelmed: The Seven-Years War Gradually Ends--25th April, 1760-15th February, 1763 - __The Pitt Catastrophe: How The Peace-Negotiation Went Off By Explosion; How Pitt Withdrew (3d October, 1761), And There Came A Spanish W
   Book 20. Friedrich Is Not To Be Overwhelmed: The Seven-Years War Gradually Ends--25th April, 1760-15th February, 1763 - __Tiff Of Quarrel Between King And Henri (March-April, 1762)
   Book 20. Friedrich Is Not To Be Overwhelmed: The Seven-Years War Gradually Ends--25th April, 1760-15th February, 1763 - __Bright News From Petersburg (Certain, Jan. 19th); Which Grow Ever Brighter; And Become A Star-Of-Day For Friedrich
   Book 20. Friedrich Is Not To Be Overwhelmed: The Seven-Years War Gradually Ends--25th April, 1760-15th February, 1763 - __What Colonel Hordt And The Others Saw At Petersburg (January-July, 1762)
   Book 20. Friedrich Is Not To Be Overwhelmed: The Seven-Years War Gradually Ends--25th April, 1760-15th February, 1763 - Chapter 11. Seventh Campaign Opens
   Book 20. Friedrich Is Not To Be Overwhelmed: The Seven-Years War Gradually Ends--25th April, 1760-15th February, 1763 - Chapter 12. Siege Of Schweidnitz: Seventh Campaign Ends
   Book 20. Friedrich Is Not To Be Overwhelmed: The Seven-Years War Gradually Ends--25th April, 1760-15th February, 1763 - Chapter 13. Peace Of Hubertsburg
Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786
   Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786 - Chapter 1. Prefatory
   Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786 - Chapter 2. Repairing Of A Ruined Prussia
   Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786 - __Landrath Nussler And The King (30th March-3d April, 1763)
   Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786 - __Kriegsrath Roden And The King (6th-13th June, 1763)
   Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786 - __Of Friedrich's New Excise System
   Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786 - __The Neue Palais, In Sans-Souci Neighborhood, Is Founded And Finished (1763-1770)
   Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786 - __"Obituary In Friedrich's Circle Till 1771"
   Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786 - Chapter 3. Troubles In Poland
   Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786 - __King Of Poland Dies; And There Ensue Huge Anarchies In That Country
   Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786 - __Ex-Lover Poniatowski Becomes King Of Poland (7th Sept. 1764), And Is Crowned Without Loss Of His Hair
   Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786 - __For Several Years The Dissident Question Cannot Be Got Settled; Confederation Of Radom (23d June, 1767-5th March, 1768) Pushes It Into Settlement
   Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786 - __Confederation Of Bar Ensues, On The Per-Contra Side (March 28th, 1768); And, As First Result Of Its Achievements (October 6th, 1768), A Turk-Russian War
   Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786 - Chapter 4. Partition Of Poland
   Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786 - __First Interview Between Friedrich And Kaiser Joseph (Neisse, 25th-28th August, 1769)
   Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786 - __Next Year There Is A Second Interview; Friedrich Making A Return-Visit During The Kaiser's Moravian Reviews (Camp Of Mahrisch-Neustadt, 3d-7th September, 1770)
   Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786 - __Russian-Turk War, First Two Campaigns
   Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786 - __Prince Henri Has Been To Sweden; Is Seen At Petersburg In Masquerade (On Or About New-Year's Day, 1771); And Does Get Home, With Results That Are Important
   Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786 - __The Empress-Queen To Prince Kaunitz (Undated: Date Must Be Vienna, February, 1772)
   Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786 - __What Friedrich Did With His New Acquisition
   Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786 - Chapter 5. A Chapter Of Miscellanies
   Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786 - __Herr Doctor Zimmermann, The Famous Author Of The Book "On Solitude," Walks Reverentially Before Friedrich's Door In The Dusk Of An October Evening: And Has A Royal Interview Next Day
   Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786 - __Sister Ulrique, Queen-Dowager Of Sweden, Revisits Her Native Place (December, 1771-August, 1772)
   Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786 - __Wilhelmina's Daughter, Elizabeth Frederike Sophie, Duchess Of Wurtemberg, Appears At Ferney (September, 1773)
   Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786 - __No. 1. Dr Burney Has Sight Of Voltaire (July, 1770)
   Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786 - __No. 2. A Reverend Mr. Sherlock Sees Voltaire, And Even Dines With Him (April, 1776)
   Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786 - __General Or Fieldmarshal Conway, Direct From The London Circles, Attends One Of Friedrich's Reviews (August-September, 1774)
   Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786 - __Exuberant Sherlock and 11n Other English Are Presented To Friedric (8th Oct 1777)
   Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786 - Chapter 6. The Bavarian War
   Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786 - Chapter 7. Miller Arnold's Lawsuit
   Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786 - __"Protocol [Of December 11th, Title Already Given; [Supra, P. 439 N.] Docketing Adds], Which Is To Be Printed"
   Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786 - Chapter 8. The Furstenbund: Friedrich's Last Years
   Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786 - __Prince De Ligne, After Ten Years, Sees Friedrich A Second Time; Time; And Reports What Was Said
   Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786 - __How General Von Der Marwitz, In Early Boyhood, Saw Friedrich The Great Three Times (1782-1785)
   Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786 - __General Bouille, Home From His West-Indian Exploits, Visits Friedrich (August 5th-11th, 1784)
   Book 21. Afternoon And Evening Of Friedrich's Life--1763-1786 - Chapter 9. Friedrich's Last Illness And Death
Appendix
   Appendix - A Day With Friedrich