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Cruise of the Snark, The
CHAPTER XIV - THE AMATEUR NAVIGATOR
Jack London
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       CHAPTER XIV - THE AMATEUR NAVIGATOR
       There are captains and captains, and some mighty fine captains, I
       know; but the run of the captains on the Snark has been remarkably
       otherwise. My experience with them has been that it is harder to
       take care of one captain on a small boat than of two small babies.
       Of course, this is no more than is to be expected. The good men
       have positions, and are not likely to forsake their one-thousand-to-
       fifteen-thousand-ton billets for the Snark with her ten tons net.
       The Snark has had to cull her navigators from the beach, and the
       navigator on the beach is usually a congenital inefficient--the sort
       of man who beats about for a fortnight trying vainly to find an
       ocean isle and who returns with his schooner to report the island
       sunk with all on board, the sort of man whose temper or thirst for
       strong waters works him out of billets faster than he can work into
       them.
       The Snark has had three captains, and by the grace of God she shall
       have no more. The first captain was so senile as to be unable to
       give a measurement for a boom-jaw to a carpenter. So utterly agedly
       helpless was he, that he was unable to order a sailor to throw a few
       buckets of salt water on the Snark's deck. For twelve days, at
       anchor, under an overhead tropic sun, the deck lay dry. It was a
       new deck. It cost me one hundred and thirty-five dollars to recaulk
       it. The second captain was angry. He was born angry. "Papa is
       always angry," was the description given him by his half-breed son.
       The third captain was so crooked that he couldn't hide behind a
       corkscrew. The truth was not in him, common honesty was not in him,
       and he was as far away from fair play and square-dealing as he was
       from his proper course when he nearly wrecked the Snark on the Ring-
       gold Isles.
       It was at Suva, in the Fijis, that I discharged my third and last
       captain and took up gain the role of amateur navigator. I had
       essayed it once before, under my first captain, who, out of San
       Francisco, jumped the Snark so amazingly over the chart that I
       really had to find out what was doing. It was fairly easy to find
       out, for we had a run of twenty-one hundred miles before us. I knew
       nothing of navigation; but, after several hours of reading up and
       half an hour's practice with the sextant, I was able to find the
       Snark's latitude by meridian observation and her longitude by the
       simple method known as "equal altitudes." This is not a correct
       method. It is not even a safe method, but my captain was attempting
       to navigate by it, and he was the only one on board who should have
       been able to tell me that it was a method to be eschewed. I brought
       the Snark to Hawaii, but the conditions favoured me. The sun was in
       northern declination and nearly overhead. The legitimate
       "chronometer-sight" method of ascertaining the longitude I had not
       heard of--yes, I had heard of it. My first captain mentioned it
       vaguely, but after one or two attempts at practice of it he
       mentioned it no more.
       I had time in the Fijis to compare my chronometer with two other
       chronometers. Two weeks previous, at Pago Pago, in Samoa, I had
       asked my captain to compare our chronometer with the chronometers on
       the American cruiser, the Annapolis. This he told me he had done--
       of course he had done nothing of the sort; and he told me that the
       difference he had ascertained was only a small fraction of a second.
       He told it to me with finely simulated joy and with words of praise
       for my splendid time-keeper. I repeat it now, with words of praise
       for his splendid and unblushing unveracity. For behold, fourteen
       days later, in Suva, I compared the chronometer with the one on the
       Atua, an Australian steamer, and found that mine was thirty-one
       seconds fast. Now thirty-one seconds of time, converted into arc,
       equals seven and one-quarter miles. That is to say, if I were
       sailing west, in the night-time, and my position, according to my
       dead reckoning from my afternoon chronometer sight, was shown to be
       seven miles off the land, why, at that very moment I would be
       crashing on the reef. Next I compared my chronometer with Captain
       Wooley's. Captain Wooley, the harbourmaster, gives the time to
       Suva, firing a gun signal at twelve, noon, three times a week.
       According to his chronometer mine was fifty-nine seconds fast, which
       is to say, that, sailing west, I should be crashing on the reef when
       I thought I was fifteen miles off from it.
       I compromised by subtracting thirty-one seconds from the total of my
       chronometer's losing error, and sailed away for Tanna, in the New
       Hebrides, resolved, when nosing around the land on dark nights, to
       bear in mind the other seven miles I might be out according to
       Captain Wooley's instrument. Tanna lay some six hundred miles west-
       southwest from the Fijis, and it was my belief that while covering
       that distance I could quite easily knock into my head sufficient
       navigation to get me there. Well, I got there, but listen first to
       my troubles. Navigation IS easy, I shall always contend that; but
       when a man is taking three gasolene engines and a wife around the
       world and is writing hard every day to keep the engines supplied
       with gasolene and the wife with pearls and volcanoes, he hasn't much
       time left in which to study navigation. Also, it is bound to be
       easier to study said science ashore, where latitude and longitude
       are unchanging, in a house whose position never alters, than it is
       to study navigation on a boat that is rushing along day and night
       toward land that one is trying to find and which he is liable to
       find disastrously at a moment when he least expects it.
       To begin with, there are the compasses and the setting of the
       courses. We sailed from Suva on Saturday afternoon, June 6, 1908,
       and it took us till after dark to run the narrow, reef-ridden
       passage between the islands of Viti Levu and Mbengha. The open
       ocean lay before me. There was nothing in the way with the
       exception of Vatu Leile, a miserable little island that persisted in
       poking up through the sea some twenty miles to the west-southwest--
       just where I wanted to go. Of course, it seemed quite simple to
       avoid it by steering a course that would pass it eight or ten miles
       to the north. It was a black night, and we were running before the
       wind. The man at the wheel must be told what direction to steer in
       order to miss Vatu Leile. But what direction? I turned me to the
       navigation books. "True Course" I lighted upon. The very thing!
       What I wanted was the true course. I read eagerly on:
       "The True Course is the angle made with the meridian by a straight
       line on the chart drawn to connect the ship's position with the
       place bound to."
       Just what I wanted. The Snark's position was at the western
       entrance of the passage between Viti Levu and Mbengha. The
       immediate place she was bound to was a place on the chart ten miles
       north of Vatu Leile. I pricked that place off on the chart with my
       dividers, and with my parallel rulers found that west-by-south was
       the true course. I had but to give it to the man at the wheel and
       the Snark would win her way to the safety of the open sea.
       But alas and alack and lucky for me, I read on. I discovered that
       the compass, that trusty, everlasting friend of the mariner, was not
       given to pointing north. It varied. Sometimes it pointed east of
       north, sometimes west of north, and on occasion it even turned tail
       on north and pointed south. The variation at the particular spot on
       the globe occupied by the Snark was 9 degrees 40 minutes easterly.
       Well, that had to be taken in to account before I gave the steering
       course to the man at the wheel. I read:
       "The Correct Magnetic Course is derived from the True Course by
       applying to it the variation."
       Therefore, I reasoned, if the compass points 9 degrees 40 minutes
       eastward of north, and I wanted to sail due north, I should have to
       steer 9 degrees 40 minutes westward of the north indicated by the
       compass and which was not north at all. So I added 9 degrees 40
       minutes to the left of my west-by-south course, thus getting my
       correct Magnetic Course, and was ready once more to run to open sea.
       Again alas and alack! The Correct Magnetic Course was not the
       Compass Course. There was another sly little devil lying in wait to
       trip me up and land me smashing on the reefs of Vatu Leile. This
       little devil went by the name of Deviation. I read:
       "The Compass Course is the course to steer, and is derived from the
       Correct Magnetic Course by applying to it the Deviation."
       Now Deviation is the variation in the needle caused by the
       distribution of iron on board of ship. This purely local variation
       I derived from the deviation card of my standard compass and then
       applied to the Correct Magnetic Course. The result was the Compass
       Course. And yet, not yet. My standard compass was amidships on the
       companionway. My steering compass was aft, in the cockpit, near the
       wheel. When the steering compass pointed west-by-south three-
       quarters-south (the steering course), the standard compass pointed
       west-one-half-north, which was certainly not the steering course. I
       kept the Snark up till she was heading west-by-south-three-quarters-
       south on the standard compass, which gave, on the steering compass,
       south-west-by-west.
       The foregoing operations constitute the simple little matter of
       setting a course. And the worst of it is that one must perform
       every step correctly or else he will hear "Breakers ahead!" some
       pleasant night, a nice sea-bath, and be given the delightful
       diversion of fighting his way to the shore through a horde of man-
       eating sharks.
       Just as the compass is tricky and strives to fool the mariner by
       pointing in all directions except north, so does that guide post of
       the sky, the sun, persist in not being where it ought to be at a
       given time. This carelessness of the sun is the cause of more
       trouble--at least it caused trouble for me. To find out where one
       is on the earth's surface, he must know, at precisely the same time,
       where the sun is in the heavens. That is to say, the sun, which is
       the timekeeper for men, doesn't run on time. When I discovered
       this, I fell into deep gloom and all the Cosmos was filled with
       doubt. Immutable laws, such as gravitation and the conservation of
       energy, became wobbly, and I was prepared to witness their violation
       at any moment and to remain unastonished. For see, if the compass
       lied and the sun did not keep its engagements, why should not
       objects lose their mutual attraction and why should not a few bushel
       baskets of force be annihilated? Even perpetual motion became
       possible, and I was in a frame of mind prone to purchase Keeley-
       Motor stock from the first enterprising agent that landed on the
       Snark's deck. And when I discovered that the earth really rotated
       on its axis 366 times a year, while there were only 365 sunrises and
       sunsets, I was ready to doubt my own identity.
       This is the way of the sun. It is so irregular that it is
       impossible for man to devise a clock that will keep the sun's time.
       The sun accelerates and retards as no clock could be made to
       accelerate and retard. The sun is sometimes ahead of its schedule;
       at other times it is lagging behind; and at still other times it is
       breaking the speed limit in order to overtake itself, or, rather, to
       catch up with where it ought to be in the sky. In this last case it
       does not slow down quick enough, and, as a result, goes dashing
       ahead of where it ought to be. In fact, only four days in a year do
       the sun and the place where the sun ought to be happen to coincide.
       The remaining 361 days the sun is pothering around all over the
       shop. Man, being more perfect than the sun, makes a clock that
       keeps regular time. Also, he calculates how far the sun is ahead of
       its schedule or behind. The difference between the sun's position
       and the position where the sun ought to be if it were a decent,
       self-respecting sun, man calls the Equation of Time. Thus, the
       navigator endeavouring to find his ship's position on the sea, looks
       in his chronometer to see where precisely the sun ought to be
       according to the Greenwich custodian of the sun. Then to that
       location he applies the Equation of Time and finds out where the sun
       ought to be and isn't. This latter location, along with several
       other locations, enables him to find out what the man from Kansas
       demanded to know some years ago.
       The Snark sailed from Fiji on Saturday, June 6, and the next day,
       Sunday, on the wide ocean, out of sight of land, I proceeded to
       endeavour to find out my position by a chronometer sight for
       longitude and by a meridian observation for latitude. The
       chronometer sight was taken in the morning when the sun was some 21
       degrees above the horizon. I looked in the Nautical Almanac and
       found that on that very day, June 7, the sun was behind time 1
       minute and 26 seconds, and that it was catching up at a rate of
       14.67 seconds per hour. The chronometer said that at the precise
       moment of taking the sun's altitude it was twenty-five minutes after
       eight o'clock at Greenwich. From this date it would seem a
       schoolboy's task to correct the Equation of Time. Unfortunately, I
       was not a schoolboy. Obviously, at the middle of the day, at
       Greenwich, the sun was 1 minute and 26 seconds behind time. Equally
       obviously, if it were eleven o'clock in the morning, the sun would
       be 1 minute and 26 seconds behind time plus 14.67 seconds. If it
       were ten o'clock in the morning, twice 14.67 seconds would have to
       be added. And if it were 8: 25 in the morning, then 3.5 times
       14.67 seconds would have to be added. Quite clearly, then, if,
       instead of being 8:25 A.M., it were 8:25 P.M., then 8.5 times 14.67
       seconds would have to be, not added, but SUBTRACTED; for, if, at
       noon, the sun were 1 minute and 26 seconds behind time, and if it
       were catching up with where it ought to be at the rate of 14.67
       seconds per hour, then at 8.25 P.M. it would be much nearer where it
       ought to be than it had been at noon.
       So far, so good. But was that 8:25 of the chronometer A.M., or
       P.M.? I looked at the Snark's clock. It marked 8:9, and it was
       certainly A.M. for I had just finished breakfast. Therefore, if it
       was eight in the morning on board the Snark, the eight o'clock of
       the chronometer (which was the time of the day at Greenwich) must be
       a different eight o'clock from the Snark's eight o'clock. But what
       eight o'clock was it? It can't be the eight o'clock of this
       morning, I reasoned; therefore, it must be either eight o'clock this
       evening or eight o'clock last night.
       It was at this juncture that I fell into the bottomless pit of
       intellectual chaos. We are in east longitude, I reasoned, therefore
       we are ahead of Greenwich. If we are behind Greenwich, then to-day
       is yesterday; if we are ahead of Greenwich, then yesterday is to-
       day, but if yesterday is to-day, what under the sun is to-day!--to-
       morrow? Absurd! Yet it must be correct. When I took the sun this
       morning at 8:25, the sun's custodians at Greenwich were just arising
       from dinner last night.
       "Then correct the Equation of Time for yesterday," says my logical
       mind.
       "But to-day is to-day," my literal mind insists. "I must correct
       the sun for to-day and not for yesterday."
       "Yet to-day is yesterday," urges my logical mind.
       "That's all very well," my literal mind continues, "If I were in
       Greenwich I might be in yesterday. Strange things happen in
       Greenwich. But I know as sure as I am living that I am here, now,
       in to-day, June 7, and that I took the sun here, now, to-day, June
       7. Therefore, I must correct the sun here, now, to-day, June 7."
       "Bosh!" snaps my logical mind. "Lecky says--"
       "Never mind what Lecky says," interrupts my literal mind. "Let me
       tell you what the Nautical Almanac says. The Nautical Almanac says
       that to-day, June 7, the sun was 1 minute and 26 seconds behind time
       and catching up at the rate of 14.67 seconds per hour. It says that
       yesterday, June 6, the sun was 1 minute and 36 seconds behind time
       and catching up at the rate of 15.66 seconds per hour. You see, it
       is preposterous to think of correcting to-day's sun by yesterday's
       time-table."
       "Fool!"
       "Idiot!"
       Back and forth they wrangle until my head is whirling around and I
       am ready to believe that I am in the day after the last week before
       next.
       I remembered a parting caution of the Suva harbour-master: "IN EAST
       LONGITUDE TAKE FROM THE NAUTICAL ALMANAC THE ELEMENTS FOR THE
       PRECEDING DAY."
       Then a new thought came to me. I corrected the Equation of Time for
       Sunday and for Saturday, making two separate operations of it, and
       lo, when the results were compared, there was a difference only of
       four-tenths of a second. I was a changed man. I had found my way
       out of the crypt. The Snark was scarcely big enough to hold me and
       my experience. Four-tenths of a second would make a difference of
       only one-tenth of a mile--a cable-length!
       All went merrily for ten minutes, when I chanced upon the following
       rhyme for navigators:
       "Greenwich time least
       Longitude east;
       Greenwich best,
       Longitude west."
       Heavens! The Snark's time was not as good as Greenwich time. When
       it was 8 25 at Greenwich, on board the Snark it was only 8:9.
       "Greenwich time best, longitude west." There I was. In west
       longitude beyond a doubt.
       "Silly!" cries my literal mind. "You are 8:9 A.M. and Greenwich is
       8:25 P.M."
       "Very well," answers my logical mind. "To be correct, 8.25 P.M. is
       really twenty hours and twenty-five minutes, and that is certainly
       better than eight hours and nine minutes. No, there is no
       discussion; you are in west longitude."
       Then my literal mind triumphs.
       "We sailed from Suva, in the Fijis, didn't we?" it demands, and
       logical mind agrees. "And Suva is in east longitude?" Again
       logical mind agrees. "And we sailed west (which would take us
       deeper into east longitude), didn't we? Therefore, and you can't
       escape it, we are in east longitude."
       "Greenwich time best, longitude west," chants my logical mind; "and
       you must grant that twenty hours and twenty-five minutes is better
       than eight hours and nine minutes."
       "All right," I break in upon the squabble; "we'll work up the sight
       and then we'll see."
       And work it up I did, only to find that my longitude was 184 degrees
       west.
       "I told you so," snorts my logical mind.
       I am dumbfounded. So is my literal mind, for several minutes. Then
       it enounces:
       "But there is no 184 degrees west longitude, nor east longitude, nor
       any other longitude. The largest meridian is 180 degrees as you
       ought to know very well."
       Having got this far, literal mind collapses from the brain strain,
       logical mind is dumb flabbergasted; and as for me, I get a bleak and
       wintry look in my eyes and go around wondering whether I am sailing
       toward the China coast or the Gulf of Darien.
       Then a thin small voice, which I do not recognize, coming from
       nowhere in particular in my consciousness, says:
       "The total number of degrees is 360. Subtract the 184 degrees west
       longitude from 360 degrees, and you will get 176 degrees east
       longitude."
       "That is sheer speculation," objects literal mind; and logical mind
       remonstrates. "There is no rule for it."
       "Darn the rules!" I exclaim. "Ain't I here?"
       "The thing is self-evident," I continue. "184 degrees west
       longitude means a lapping over in east longitude of four degrees.
       Besides I have been in east longitude all the time. I sailed from
       Fiji, and Fiji is in east longitude. Now I shall chart my position
       and prove it by dead reckoning."
       But other troubles and doubts awaited me. Here is a sample of one.
       In south latitude, when the sun is in northern declination,
       chronometer sights may be taken early in the morning. I took mine
       at eight o'clock. Now, one of the necessary elements in working up
       such a sight is latitude. But one gets latitude at twelve o'clock,
       noon, by a meridian observation. It is clear that in order to work
       up my eight o'clock chronometer sight I must have my eight o'clock
       latitude. Of course, if the Snark were sailing due west at six
       knots per hour, for the intervening four hours her latitude would
       not change. But if she were sailing due south, her latitude would
       change to the tune of twenty-four miles. In which case a simple
       addition or subtraction would convert the twelve o'clock latitude
       into eight o'clock latitude. But suppose the Snark were sailing
       southwest. Then the traverse tables must be consulted.
       This is the illustration. At eight A.M. I took my chronometer
       sight. At the same moment the distance recorded on the log was
       noted. At twelve M., when the sight for latitude was taken. I
       again noted the log, which showed me that since eight o'clock the
       Snark had run 24 miles. Her true course had been west 0.75 south.
       I entered Table I, in the distance column, on the page for 0.75
       point courses, and stopped at 24, the number of miles run.
       Opposite, in the next two columns, I found that the Snark had made
       3.5 miles of southing or latitude, and that she had made 23.7 miles
       of westing. To find my eight o'clock' latitude was easy. I had but
       to subtract 3.5 miles from my noon latitude. All the elements being
       present, I worked up my longitude.
       But this was my eight o'clock longitude. Since then, and up till
       noon, I had made 23.7 miles of westing. What was my noon longitude?
       I followed the rule, turning to Traverse Table No. II. Entering the
       table, according to rule, and going through every detail, according
       to rule, I found the difference of longitude for the four hours to
       be 25 miles. I was aghast. I entered the table again, according to
       rule; I entered the table half a dozen times, according to rule, and
       every time found that my difference of longitude was 25 miles. I
       leave it to you, gentle reader. Suppose you had sailed 24 miles and
       that you had covered 3.5 miles of latitude, then how could you have
       covered 25 miles of longitude? Even if you had sailed due west 24
       miles, and not changed your latitude, how could you have changed
       your longitude 25 miles? In the name of human reason, how could you
       cover one mile more of longitude than the total number of miles you
       had sailed?
       It was a reputable traverse table, being none other than Bowditch's.
       The rule was simple (as navigators' rules go); I had made no error.
       I spent an hour over it, and at the end still faced the glaring
       impossibility of having sailed 24 miles, in the course of which I
       changed my latitude 3.5 miles and my longitude 25 miles. The worst
       of it was that there was nobody to help me out. Neither Charmian
       nor Martin knew as much as I knew about navigation. And all the
       time the Snark was rushing madly along toward Tanna, in the New
       Hebrides. Something had to be done.
       How it came to me I know not--call it an inspiration if you will;
       but the thought arose in me: if southing is latitude, why isn't
       westing longitude? Why should I have to change westing into
       longitude? And then the whole beautiful situation dawned upon me.
       The meridians of longitude are 60 miles (nautical) apart at the
       equator. At the poles they run together. Thus, if I should travel
       up the 180 degrees meridian of longitude until I reached the North
       Pole, and if the astronomer at Greenwich travelled up the 0 meridian
       of longitude to the North Pole, then, at the North Pole, we could
       shake hands with each other, though before we started for the North
       Pole we had been some thousands of miles apart. Again: if a degree
       of longitude was 60 miles wide at the equator, and if the same
       degree, at the point of the Pole, had no width, then somewhere
       between the Pole and the equator that degree would be half a mile
       wide, and at other places a mile wide, two miles wide, ten miles
       wide, thirty miles wide, ay, and sixty miles wide.
       All was plain again. The Snark was in 19 degrees south latitude.
       The world wasn't as big around there as at the equator. Therefore,
       every mile of westing at 19 degrees south was more than a minute of
       longitude; for sixty miles were sixty miles, but sixty minutes are
       sixty miles only at the equator. George Francis Train broke Jules
       Verne's record of around the world. But any man that wants can
       break George Francis Train's record. Such a man would need only to
       go, in a fast steamer, to the latitude of Cape Horn, and sail due
       east all the way around. The world is very small in that latitude,
       and there is no land in the way to turn him out of his course. If
       his steamer maintained sixteen knots, he would circumnavigate the
       globe in just about forty days.
       But there are compensations. On Wednesday evening, June 10, I
       brought up my noon position by dead reckoning to eight P.M. Then I
       projected the Snark's course and saw that she would strike Futuna,
       one of the easternmost of the New Hebrides, a volcanic cone two
       thousand feet high that rose out of the deep ocean. I altered the
       course so that the Snark would pass ten miles to the northward.
       Then I spoke to Wada, the cook, who had the wheel every morning from
       four to six.
       "Wada San, to-morrow morning, your watch, you look sharp on weather-
       bow you see land."
       And then I went to bed. The die was cast. I had staked my
       reputation as a navigator. Suppose, just suppose, that at daybreak
       there was no land. Then, where would my navigation be? And where
       would we be? And how would we ever find ourselves? or find any
       land? I caught ghastly visions of the Snark sailing for months
       through ocean solitudes and seeking vainly for land while we
       consumed our provisions and sat down with haggard faces to stare
       cannibalism in the face.
       I confess my sleep was not
       " . . . like a summer sky
       That held the music of a lark."
       Rather did "I waken to the voiceless dark," and listen to the
       creaking of the bulkheads and the rippling of the sea alongside as
       the Snark logged steadily her six knots an hour. I went over my
       calculations again and again, striving to find some mistake, until
       my brain was in such fever that it discovered dozens of mistakes.
       Suppose, instead of being sixty miles off Futuna, that my navigation
       was all wrong and that I was only six miles off? In which case my
       course would be wrong, too, and for all I knew the Snark might be
       running straight at Futuna. For all I knew the Snark might strike
       Futuna the next moment. I almost sprang from the bunk at that
       thought; and, though I restrained myself, I know that I lay for a
       moment, nervous and tense, waiting for the shock.
       My sleep was broken by miserable nightmares. Earthquake seemed the
       favourite affliction, though there was one man, with a bill, who
       persisted in dunning me throughout the night. Also, he wanted to
       fight; and Charmian continually persuaded me to let him alone.
       Finally, however, the man with the everlasting dun ventured into a
       dream from which Charmian was absent. It was my opportunity, and we
       went at it, gloriously, all over the sidewalk and street, until he
       cried enough. Then I said, "Now how about that bill?" Having
       conquered, I was willing to pay. But the man looked at me and
       groaned. "It was all a mistake," he said; "the bill is for the
       house next door."
       That settled him, for he worried my dreams no more; and it settled
       me, too, for I woke up chuckling at the episode. It was three in
       the morning. I went up on deck. Henry, the Rapa islander, was
       steering. I looked at the log. It recorded forty-two miles. The
       Snark had not abated her six-knot gait, and she had not struck
       Futuna yet. At half-past five I was again on deck. Wada, at the
       wheel, had seen no land. I sat on the cockpit rail, a prey to
       morbid doubt for a quarter of an hour. Then I saw land, a small,
       high piece of land, just where it ought to be, rising from the water
       on the weather-bow. At six o'clock I could clearly make it out to
       be the beautiful volcanic cone of Futuna. At eight o'clock, when it
       was abreast, I took its distance by the sextant and found it to be
       9.3 miles away. And I had elected to pass it 10 miles away!
       Then, to the south, Aneiteum rose out of the sea, to the north,
       Aniwa, and, dead ahead, Tanna. There was no mistaking Tanna, for
       the smoke of its volcano was towering high in the sky. It was forty
       miles away, and by afternoon, as we drew close, never ceasing to log
       our six knots, we saw that it was a mountainous, hazy land, with no
       apparent openings in its coast-line. I was looking for Port
       Resolution, though I was quite prepared to find that as an
       anchorage, it had been destroyed. Volcanic earthquakes had lifted
       its bottom during the last forty years, so that where once the
       largest ships rode at anchor there was now, by last reports,
       scarcely space and depth sufficient for the Snark. And why should
       not another convulsion, since the last report, have closed the
       harbour completely?
       I ran in close to the unbroken coast, fringed with rocks awash upon
       which the crashing trade-wind sea burst white and high. I searched
       with my glasses for miles, but could see no entrance. I took a
       compass bearing of Futuna, another of Aniwa, and laid them off on
       the chart. Where the two bearings crossed was bound to be the
       position of the Snark. Then, with my parallel rulers, I laid down a
       course from the Snark's position to Port Resolution. Having
       corrected this course for variation and deviation, I went on deck,
       and lo, the course directed me towards that unbroken coast-line of
       bursting seas. To my Rapa islander's great concern, I held on till
       the rocks awash were an eighth of a mile away.
       "No harbour this place," he announced, shaking his head ominously.
       But I altered the course and ran along parallel with the coast.
       Charmian was at the wheel. Martin was at the engine, ready to throw
       on the propeller. A narrow silt of an opening showed up suddenly.
       Through the glasses I could see the seas breaking clear across.
       Henry, the Rapa man, looked with troubled eyes; so did Tehei, the
       Tahaa man.
       "No passage, there," said Henry. "We go there, we finish quick,
       sure."
       I confess I thought so, too; but I ran on abreast, watching to see
       if the line of breakers from one side the entrance did not overlap
       the line from the other side. Sure enough, it did. A narrow place
       where the sea ran smooth appeared. Charmian put down the wheel and
       steadied for the entrance. Martin threw on the engine, while all
       hands and the cook sprang to take in sail.
       A trader's house showed up in the bight of the bay. A geyser, on
       the shore, a hundred yards away; spouted a column of steam. To
       port, as we rounded a tiny point, the mission station appeared.
       "Three fathoms," cried Wada at the lead-line. "Three fathoms," "two
       fathoms," came in quick succession.
       Charmian put the wheel down, Martin stopped the engine, and the
       Snark rounded to and the anchor rumbled down in three fathoms.
       Before we could catch our breaths a swarm of black Tannese was
       alongside and aboard--grinning, apelike creatures, with kinky hair
       and troubled eyes, wearing safety-pins and clay-pipes in their
       slitted ears: and as for the rest, wearing nothing behind and less
       than that before. And I don't mind telling that that night, when
       everybody was asleep, I sneaked up on deck, looked out over the
       quiet scene, and gloated--yes, gloated--over my navigation.
       Content of CHAPTER XIV - THE AMATEUR NAVIGATOR [Jack London's book: The Cruise of the Snark]
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